盐渍土区生态水文过程及其盐渍化效应

盐渍土区生态、水文过程及其耦合作用机制是当前盐渍化、次生盐渍化产生的根源。目前的研究主要是从土壤水盐动态、地表水文格局及其生态效应、生态地下水位、生态需水等角度对盐渍土区生态水文过程进行研究和探讨,尚未能揭示清楚盐渍土形成和演化的生态水文学机制。未来需要就生态、水文过程及其耦合作用机制,地表水、地下水以及土壤水之间的相互转化关系及其生态效应,基于生态水文过程的生态需水,以及构建流域尺度盐渍化生态水文模型等进行深入研究,以便为盐渍土区生态环境的维护和恢复、生态与社会经济的和谐提供理论与实践指导。     

考虑超固结比与泊松效应的荷载传递模型

为了分析超固结状态及泊松效应对砂土■管桩界面剪切特性的影响,在传统双曲线荷载传递模型的基础上,采用考虑超固结比的侧向土压力系数,计入由泊松效应引起的侧向土压力增加值,建立能同时考虑砂土超固结比及管桩泊松效应的界面荷载传递模型,对其可靠性进行验证。通过算例对极限摩阻力影响因素进行分析,结果表明:超固结比从1.0增大到3.0,抗压桩和抗拔桩极限摩阻力近似呈线性增大,抗压桩提高约83.6%,抗拔桩提高约92.9%;泊松比从0.1增大到0.3,抗压桩极限摩阻力呈线性增大,提高约3.5%;抗拔桩极限摩阻力呈线性减小,降低约3.6%;桩土模量比从300增大到1 500,抗压桩极限摩阻力降低约7.6%;抗拔桩极限摩阻力提高约9.6%。     

新疆甘草属植物花粉形态研究

本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对甘草属(Glycyrrhiza)八种植物花粉形态进行了详细观察和比较.本属花粉形态是单花粉类型;花粉粒为长球形或近园球形,极面观为三裂园形或钝园形;具3孔沟;花粉粒为中等大小(31·6～38·7μm);外壁分层明显;外壁纹饰为细网纹和网纹.用高速离心机对Gly-cyrrhiza uralensis和Glycyrrhiza glabra两种花粉进行破壁观察其外壁的内部结构.     

采用多微机的SPWM矢量控制变频调速系统

本文提出一种用多微机系统实现SPWM型矢量控制——解耦控制的方法.该系统采用了交流变速领域内多种新技术,使用微型计算机控制,结构简单,运行稳定.文中推导了系统中进行的矢量变换公式,导出了产生转子磁通与转子电流解耦控制的条件,对利用微机进行正弦脉宽调制及其计算也作了说明.本文介绍了控制系统的构成.对SPWM型矢量控制所面临的特殊问题及其解决办法作了分析,探讨了利用电流矢量跟踪法实现磁通相位角间接控制的办法.叙述了多微机系统的结构,及其通讯方式.最后,给出了控制系统在2.8千瓦感应电动机上进行试验的结果,电流波形良好,低频运行平稳,动态性能接近于直流电动机控制系统.     

基于Logistic和统一混沌系统的彩色图像加密方法

为了增强彩色图像的加密效果,论文提出一种基于Logistic和统一混沌系统的彩色图像加密方法.该方法首先由Logistic系统生成128位Hash值以便在行、列全局位置置乱中确定各行和各列的交换次序,然后使用统一混沌系统的x、y和z序列分别对三基色图像像素进行逐点替代加密.仿真实验结果及其分析表明,该方法不仅实现简单,安全性强,具有良好的像素值混淆、扩散性能和较大抵抗强力攻击的密钥空间,而且加密图像像素值具有类随机均匀分布特性且相邻像素的值具有零相关特性.     

三元液体混合物等性质线的制作及其应用

描述了三元液体混合物等性质线的制作过程 ,并通过实验测定三元体系四氯化碳( 1 ) -苯 ( 2 ) -丙酮 ( 3)在 2 0℃时的密度和折光率 ,绘制出了等密度曲线和等折光率曲线。结果表明此等性质曲线可用于准确定量分析 .     

Eco-environmental water requirement for wetlands in Huang-Huai-Hai Area, China

Based on the related literature and the analysis of the relationship between wetland ecosystem and hydroperiod, the estimating and classifying methods of eco-environmental water requirement for wetlands are established. The data collected from Huang-Huai-Hai Area are from the electronic map (1∶250000) of China National Topographical Database of 1997 and the historical statistics since the 1980s.The results indicate that the minimum eco-environmental water requirement for wetlands is 16.98×109 m3 and the optimal one is 38.38×109 m3 in the studied area. For the five wetland nature reserves covered in the area, the values are 1.47×109 m3 and 3.31×109 m3 respectively. The comparisons of the mentioned minimum water requirement with the status water use, which is 17.05×109 m3 for wetland ecosystem (1997 as the status year), suggest that the water use has not met the minimum eco-environmental water requirement in the Haihe and Huanghe Basins of the studied area. However, the status water use guarantees and exceeds the minimum eco-environmental water requirement in the Shandong Peninsula and the Huaihe Basin. Based on the eco-environmental programming and water resource planning of the studied area, the study establishes the water requirement of the year of 2010, 2030, 2050, when the eco-environmental water requirement for wetlands is 18.30×109 m3, 21.64×109 m3 and 26.76×109 m3, respectively.     

单片机控制电梯援救装置

本文介绍了利用单片机系统控制电梯援救装置系统,包括单片机系统、三相控制电路、接口电路及相应工作原理.     

DEGREE OF SUBSTITUTION OF THE IONIZED STARCHES AND THEIR ADHESIVE CAPACITY TO POLYESTER / COTTON FIBERS

Adhesive capacity of quaternary ammonium starch and starch phosphate to the polyester / cotton fibers was studied by means roving method for the purpose of improving the sizing performance and decreasing the cost. By introducing different amount of quaternary ammonium or phosphate groups onto starch molecules, the modified starch with a series of defferent degree of substitution was prepared. Therefore the regularity of adhesive capacity, extended property and size-absorbing ability with the change in degree of substitution (DS) was obtained through the researches. The experiments demonstrate that the DS of the two modified starches show a marked influence upon the properties mentioned above. The starch phosphate is superior to quaternary ammonium starch as warp size for polyester / cotton yarns from the viewpoint of adhesive capacity and cost, although both of them are better than natural one. To improve the adhesive capacity to polyester / cotton fibers, DS≥0.027 is necessary for quaternary ammonium s     

各向异性全变分图像去噪算法

图像去噪是图像复原问题中的重要研究内容之一,在此过程中图像的高频部分易受到破坏。针对这一情况,通过引入不同的权重参数惩罚x与y方向上的梯度算子,提出修正的各向异性全变分去噪模型。引入的权重参数具有局部自适应性,可以使模型对应欧拉方程在图像切线与法向方向的扩散具有更鲁棒的各向异性扩散能力,可以达到保护图像细节的目的。另外,提出的模型是具有可分裂结构的非光滑凸优化问题,采用算子分裂技术将其转化为多个易求解的子问题,并在交替方向乘子法的框架下求解,从而保证了算法在理论上的收敛性。与现阶段其他变分型的复原模型相比,所提出的模型在有效抑制噪声的同时能有效地保持图像的局部结构特征。对于分块效果明显,噪声水平较低的图像去噪结果十分显著;对于分块效果不明显,图像细节较多的图像,该模型依然有效。