小鼠Shh蛋白N端基因的克隆与原核表达

从小鼠(C57BL/6)10.5d胚胎中提取总RNA经RT-PCR扩增出编码小鼠Shh基因N端cDNA序列,克隆到大肠杆菌表达载体pQEN3构建重组表达质粒pQEN3-Shh-N.重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,经1.0mmol/L IPTG诱导,在SDS-PAGE上检测到20kDa目的蛋白带,与Shh N端蛋白预期大小一致,其蛋白表达量达到了全菌总蛋白的约30%.重组蛋白经Western blot鉴定结果显示,在20kDa处出现单一的显色条带,说明表达的重组蛋白为Shh N端蛋白,为研究Shh蛋白N端与毛发生长的功能奠定了基础.     

Newton's Easy Quadratures ``Omitted for the Sake of Brevity'

In the 1687 Principia, Newton gave a solution to the direct problem (given the orbit and center of force, find the central force) for a conic-section with a focal center of force (answer: a reciprocal square force) and for a spiral orbit with a polar center of force (answer: a reciprocal cube force). He did not, however, give solutions for the two corresponding inverse problems (given the force and center of force, find the orbit). He gave a cryptic solution to the inverse problem of a reciprocal cube force, but offered no solution for the reciprocal square force. Some take this omission as an indication that Newton could not solve the reciprocal square, for, they ask, why else would he not select this important problem? Others claim that ``it is child's play' for him, as evidenced by his 1671 catalogue of quadratures (tables of integrals). The answer to that question is obscured for all who attempt to work through Newton's published solution of the reciprocal cube force because it is done in the synthetic geometric style of the 1687 Principia rather than in the analytic algebraic style that Newton employed until 1671. In response to a request from David Gregory in 1694, however, Newton produced an analytic version of the body of the proof, but one which still had a geometric conclusion. Newton's charge is to find both ``the orbit' and ``the time in orbit.' In the determination of the dependence of the time on orbital position, t(r), Newton evaluated an integral of the form ∫dx/x <sup>n</sup> to calculate a finite algebraic equation for the area swept out as a function of the radius, but he did not write out the analytic expression for time t = t(r), even though he knew that the time t is proportional to that area. In the determination of the orbit, θ (r), Newton obtained an integral of the form ∫dx/√(1−x<sup>2</sup>) for the area that is proportional to the angle θ, an integral he had shown in his 1669 On Analysis by Infinite Equations to be equal to the arcsin(x). Since the solution must therefore contain a transcendental function, he knew that a finite algebraic solution for θ=θ(r) did not exist for ``the orbit' as it had for ``the time in orbit.' In contrast to these two solutions for the inverse cube force, however, it is not possible in the inverse square solution to generate a finite algebraic expression for either ``the orbit' or ``the time in orbit.' In fact, in Lemma 28, Newton offers a demonstration that the area of an ellipse cannot be given by a finite equation. I claim that the limitation of Lemma 28 forces Newton to reject the inverse square force as an example and to choose instead the reciprocal cube force as his example in Proposition 41. (Received August 14, 2002) Published online March 26, 2003 Communicated by G. Smith     

Superior machinability of steel enhanced with BN and MnS particles

The strategy that replacing part of MnS with BN was proposed in order to decrease the sulfur content in sulfur based free-cutting steel. The effects of BN and MnS inclusions on the microstructure and machinability of the steel were systematically investigated. The results show that most of the BN and MnS inclusions exist individually in the steel and only a small amount of them are in a composite state forming either isolated particles or clusters of particles. In the case of multi-phased steel, the theoretical calculation predicts that the volume of large BN particles should be 0.7 times of the volume of large MnS particles. The machinability of this type of BN and MnS alloy steel over a wide range of cutting speeds ranging from a low speed appropriate for drilling to a high speed appropriate for turning is confirmed as being equal to or superior to that of an MnS reference steel, even though the sulfur content in the composite steel is only half that of the MnS steel. The aptitude for cutting effect of 240 ppm nitrogen and 115 ppm boron in the composite steel is demonstrated to be equivalent or even better than 1000 ppm sulfur in MnS free-cutting steel.     

Review: Actin-based dynamics during spermatogenesis and its significance

Actin can be found in all kinds of eukaryotic cells, maintaining their shapes and motilities, while its dynamics in sperm cells is understood less than their nonmuscle somatic cell counterparts. Spermatogenesis is a complicated process, resulting in the production of mature sperm from primordial germ cell. Significant structural and biochemical changes take place in the seminiferous epithelium of the adult testis during spermatogenesis. It was proved that all mammalian sperm contain actin, and that F-actin may play an important role during spermatogenesis, especially in nuclear shaping. Recently a new model for sperm head elongation based on the acrosome-acroplaxome-manchette complex has been proposed. In Drosophila, F-actin assembly is supposed to be very crucial during individualization. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the structure, function, and regulation characteristics of actin cytoskeleton, and a summary of the current status of research of actin-based structure and movement is also provided, with emphasis on the role of actins in sperm head shaping during spermiogenesis and the cell junction dynamics in the testis. Research of the Sertoli ectoplasmic specialization is in the spotlight, which is a testis-specific actin-based junction very important for the movement of germ cells across the epithelium. Study of the molecular architecture and the regulating mechanism of the Sertoli ectoplasmic specialization has become an intriguing field. All this may lead to a new strategy for male infertility and, at the same time, a novel idea may result in devising much safer contraception with high efficiency. It is hoped that the advances listed in this review would give developmental and morphological researchers a favorable investigating outline and could help to enlarge the view of new strategies and models for actin dynamics during spermatogenesis.     

浅埋暗挖隧道施工中纵向地表下沉的规律

在浅埋暗挖隧道施工中,地表沉降和拱顶下沉的信息可明显反馈围岩和初期支护的稳定状态,要实现信息化施工和控制施工中产生不利环境影响,必须了解和掌握地表沉降和拱顶下沉的变化趋势.基于南京地铁2号线钟灵街马群段浅埋暗挖隧道矿山法施工中地表沉降和拱顶下沉的实测资料,分析总结了相应条件下隧道施工中地表和拱顶下沉的大小和分布规律,得出浅埋暗挖隧道沿纵向开挖时对工作面前后的主要影响范围,分别为1.5D和3D(D为隧道跨度),变化趋势为缓慢下沉快速下沉收敛稳定;并根据滞后的拱顶下沉与地表下沉趋势的一致性,提出可以通过施工中纵向地表沉降的规律预测拱顶下沉的发展趋势.     

国土空间规划背景下的城市安全体系构建

为促进国土空间规划背景下城市安全体系的综合性与系统性,结合北京、上海、雄安等城市和地区经验,探索城市安全体系的内涵,以全生命周期视角梳理城市安全体系的内在逻辑,从总体规划、详细规划、专项规划三类规划体系入手,构建了一套面向操作层面传导落实的城市安全体系;明确了不同层面城市安全内容的定位、作用及要点,形成城市安全体系搭建...     

Redundant and unique roles of coronin proteins in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dictyostelium</Emphasis>

Dictyostelium discoideum harbors a short (CRN12) and a long coronin (CRN7) composed of one and two beta-propellers, respectively. They are primarily present in the cell cortex and cells lacking CRN12 (corA ⁻) or CRN7 (corB ⁻) have defects in actin driven processes. We compared the characteristics of a mutant cell line (corA ⁻ /corB ⁻) lacking CRN12 and CRN7 with the single mutants focusing on cytokinesis, phagocytosis, chemotaxis and development. Cytokinesis, uptake of small particles, and developmental defects were not enhanced in the corA ⁻ /corB ⁻ strain as compared to the single mutants, whereas motility and phagocytosis of yeast particles were more severely impaired. It appears that although both proteins affect the same processes they do not act in a redundant manner. Rather, they often act antagonistically, which is in accordance with their proposed roles in the actin cytoskeleton where CRN12 acts in actin disassembly whereas CRN7 stabilizes actin filaments and protects them from disassembly.     

降雨对花岗岩残积土边坡孔压及稳定性影响

针对一个花岗岩残积土边坡的简化模型,基于非饱和渗流理论和Bishop条分法,利用Geo-Studio软件,对4种不同降雨模式下的边坡孔隙水压力和稳定安全系数进行计算与分析,得到主要结论:(1)降雨入渗对花岗岩残积土边坡的中上部有较显著的不利影响;(2)不同降雨模式对花岗岩残积土边坡的影响时效差异较大,前峰型和均布型、中峰型、后峰型降雨的最不利影响时刻分别在降雨后1.0~1.5d、1.5~2.0d、2.5~3.5d;(3)降雨入渗引起的花岗岩残积土边坡失稳形式,极可能是从坡体中部诱发的浅层滑坡。     

半线性分数阶脉冲微分方程解的存在性和唯一性

利用Altman's不动点定理和Krasnoselskii不动点定理证明了q∈(0,1]阶半线性微分方程的脉冲边值问题的解的存在性和唯一性.