Astronomically modulated late Pliocene equatorial Pacific climate transition and Northern Hemisphere ice sheet expansion

The equatorial Pacific underwent a significant climate transition during the late Pliocene, which is characterized by cooling of global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and formation of a marked SST gradient between the eastern and western equatorial Pacific. Moreover, this transition was nearly synchronous with the late Pliocene Northern Hemisphere glaciation. Probing the relationship among solar insolation, low and high latitude processes is the key to unravel the mechanism of this climate transition. A se...     

S-wave velocity of the crust around Tianshan Mountains inverted from seismic ambient noise tomography

We process ambient noise data from seismic stations deployed in central Asia to determine the crustal shear wave velocity structure beneath the Tianshan Mountians and surrounding area. About 748 inter-station Rayleigh wave empirical Green’s functions have been recovered to estimate the phase velocity dispersions over periods from 6 to 50 s using the image transformation technique. Results show that for short periods (6–20 s), the distribution of Rayleigh wave phase velocities is generally consistent with surface geology, with high velocities corresponding to mountain ranges and low velocities to sedimentary basins. Along two profiles, which trend from NE-SW and NW-SE, the shear wave velocity shows a pair of high velocity anomalies dipping in opposite directions beneath the Tianshan Mountains. At shallow depths, those high velocity anomalies roughly correlate with areas where the mountain front and the surrounding basin are connected. The profiles also show a narrow zone beneath the Tianshan Mountains, which may represent a route for the upwelling from upper mantle. Those observations suggest that the underthrusting of the Tarim Basin and Kazakh Shield combine with the weakness of the crust, which is heated by the upwelling from upper mantle, may play an important role on the reactivation of the Tianshan Mountains associated with the India-Eurasia collision.     

Fluid/melt inclusions in Cenozoic mantle xenoliths from Linqu,Shandong Province,eastern China: Implications for asthenosphere-lithosphere interactions

Fluid and melt inclusions in mantle xenoliths are thought as direct samples to study mantle liquids. Here we apply Raman mi- crospectroscopy and microthermometry to fluid/melt inclusions in lherzolite xenoliths in Qiaoshan basalts, a Miocene volcano in Linqu, Shandong Province, eastern China. These inclusions include (1) early CO2 fluid inclusions, (2) early carbonate melt inclu-sions, (3) late CO2 fluid inclusions, and (4) late silicate melt inclusions. Among the early CO2 fluid inclusions, most consist of...     

Reply to the comment of Cheng et al.

We thank Cheng et al. for their interest in our paper “On linking climate to Chinese dynastic change: Spatial and temporal variations of of monsoonal rain” [1]. Our paper was written largely as a response to the suggestion made by Zhang P Z, et al. [2] that climate has a key role in affecting chapters of Chinese cultural history (e.g. the demise of the Tang, Yuan and Ming dynasties).
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Application of Raman spectroscopy in carbon nanotube-based polymer composites

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to identify the physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and to assess their func-tionalization as well as orientation. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool to characterize the interfacial properties between CNTs and polymer matrices. This review provides an overview of micro-Raman spectroscopy of CNTs and its application in studying CNT reinforced polymer composites. Based on the specific Raman band shifts relating to the mechanical deformation of CNTs, Raman scattering can be used to evaluate the interactions between the CNTs and the surrounding polymer in the composites, and to detect the phase transitions of the polymer, and investigate the local stress state as well as the Young’s modulus of the CNTs. Moreover, we also review the current progress of Raman spectroscopy in various CNT macroarchitectures (such as films, fibers as well as composite fibers). The microscale structural deformation of CNT macroarchitectures and strain transfer factors from macroscale architectures to microscale structures are inferred. Based on an in situ Raman-tensile test, we further predict the Young’s modulus of the CNT macroarchitectures and reveal the dominating factors affecting the mechanical performances of the CNT macroarchitectures     

霍林郭勒褐煤在NaOCl水溶液中的氧化反应

在温和条件下研究霍林郭勒褐煤在NaOCl水溶液中的氧化反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应混合物,用重氮甲烷酯化萃取物,通过GC/MS分析,检测到大量的水溶性苯多酸、脂肪羧酸和一定量的氯代产物.结果表明,NaOCl能有效降解煤中大分子,可作为一种研究煤的结构及其高效利用的有效方法.     

氧化钙催化的霍林郭勒褐煤的超临界甲醇解研究

制备用于催化褐煤超临界甲醇解的固体碱CaO,并用XRD和CO2-TPD对其进行表征.分别考察反应温度、时间及CaO和CH3OH的用量对霍林郭勒褐煤解聚反应的影响.依次用CH3OH、等体积的CH3COCH3与CS2混合溶剂、等体积的THF与CS2混合溶剂进行萃取分离,得到萃取物E1、E2和E3,并采用GC/MS 对可溶物组分进行分析.结果表明,在反应温度为320 ℃、CaO用量为0.6 g、甲醇用量为20 mL、反应时间为2 h的条件下,霍林郭勒褐煤醇解的总萃取率可达70%以上;E1中共检测到77种有机化合物,主要是酚类、烷烃类、酮类和含杂原子化合物.     

浅埋单药包爆炸作用下饱和钙质砂基础液化数值模拟

为研究浅埋单药包爆炸作用下饱和钙质砂基础的液化机理,利用LS-DYNA动力分析软件建立了饱和钙质砂基础爆炸液化动力分析的数值模型,通过与已有文献的试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性,并进一步分析了浅埋单药包爆炸对饱和钙质砂基础孔隙水压力的影响.结果表明:饱和钙质砂基础抗爆炸液化能力较强,在相同比例距离下,饱和钙...     

New constructions of identity-based threshold decryption

In this paper, based on the verifiable pair and identity-based threshold cryptography, a novel identity-based (ID-based) threshold decryption scheme (IDTDS) is proposed, which is provably secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attack under the computational bilinear Diffie-Hellman (CBDH) problem assumption in the random oracle. The pubic checkability of ciphertext in the IDTDS is given by simply creating a signed ElGamal encryption instead of a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof. Furthermore, we introduce a modified verifiable pairing to ensure all decryption shares are consistent. Our scheme is more efficient in verification than the schemes considered previously.     

Molecular docking and spectroscopic methods to probe the interaction of acetylgliotoxin and HSA

The interaction between acetylgliotoxin and human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied by spectroscopic method. Acetylgliotoxin quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA in a static quenching procedure. The binding of acetylgliotoxin to HSA causes a slight conformational change of HSA. The binding constants at different temperatures as well as enthalpy change and entropy change, are calculated according to relevant fluorescent data and Van’t Hoff equation. The hydrogen bond is a predominant intermolecular force for stabilizing the complex, which is in conformity with the results of molecular modeling study.