DNA damage,signaling and repair: Protecting genomic integrity and reducing the risk of human disease

DNA is the genetic material that contains the "instructions" to not only guide the continuation of life but also govern the development, metabolism and functioning of living organisms. DNA damage occurs daily due to various exogenous (environ-     

Intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic medium based on polar lattice vibration

A new class of media with abnormal electromagnetic parameters has been attracting increasing attention because of its exotic properties and potential application. Currently, typical metamaterials are mainly composed of artificially designed metallic periodic structures. However, due to the limitations of available fabrication technologies, physical size and material effects, it is difficult to realize these abnormal properties by these artificial structures in the high-frequency regime. Therefore, it is important to find materials with intrinsic abnormal electromagnetic responses. In this field, a new mechanism based on the interaction between polar lattice vibrations and electromagnetic waves has been proposed. In this paper, we review progress in this field.     

Nonlinear Langevin model with product stochasticity for biological networks: The case of the Schnakenberg model

Langevin equation is widely used to study the stochastic effects in molecular networks, as it often approximates well the underlying chemical master equation. However, frequently it is not clear when such an approximation is applicable and when it breaks down. This paper studies the simple Schnakenberg model consisting of three reversible reactions and two molecular species whose concentrations vary. To reduce the residual errors from the conventional formulation of the Langevin equation, the authors propose to explicitly model the effective coupling between macroscopic concentrations of different molecular species. The results show that this formulation is effective in correcting residual errors from the original uncoupled Langevin equation and can approximate the underlying chemical master equation very accurately.     

Density and structure of undercooled liquid titanium

For liquid Ti, it is difficult to achieve high undercooling because of its chemical reactivity; as a result, there is little information available on its properties and structure in the undercooled state. In this study, we investigate the density and structure, using molecular dynamics method, for the undercooling and superheating ranges 0-743 K and 0-457 K. The density increases quadratically for undercooling. At the melting temperature, the density is 4.14 g/cm3, and first and second temperature coefficients are obtained. The pair correlation functions and coordination numbers indicate that the short range degree of order becomes increasingly significant with increasing undercooling.     

钧瓷文化传播及理论构建

钧瓷文化的发展经历了草创和理论构建两个阶段。钧瓷的早期记载与考古研究由专业人士或陶瓷大家完成,钧瓷理论构建和文化普及始于20世纪90年代以后,其研究人员以河南本地的陶瓷工作者、文化界人士、钧瓷爱好者或钧瓷艺人为主,从出版的钧瓷图书种类看,既有以考古发掘为主要内容的学术专著,以钧瓷工艺流程为主的技术专著,也有以普及钧瓷知识为主,兼有研究色彩的大众读物。无论历史上还是现在,钧瓷文化的研究均显滞后。钧瓷发展的历史发展脉络仍需进一步梳理;钧瓷研究的领域应向系统化、专业化发展;钧瓷研究应注重科学严谨,去伪存真。     

Generalized variation iteration solution of an atmosphere-ocean oscillator model for global climate

A box model of the interhemispheric thermohaline circulation (THC) in atmosphere-ocean for global climate is considered. By using the generalized variational iteration method, the approximate solution of a simplified nonlinear model is studied. The generalized variational iteration method is an analytic method, and the obtained analytic solution can be operated sequentially. The authors also diversify qualitative and quantitative behaviors for corresponding physical quantities.     

Temperature-induced fractionation of oxygen isotopes of diatom frustules and growth water in Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China

Diatom oxygen isotopes have been widely applied in quantitative reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, but have rarely been reported in China. In the present study, Lake Sihailongwan in Northeast China was selected for detailed investigation of oxygen isotopic fractionation between diatom frustules and lake water induced by growth temperature. This study involved a 2-year period of field monitoring of the lake water temperature at multiple depths and biweekly collections of traps for both sediment and water at shallow and bottom depths (7 and 49 m below the lake surface, respectively), diatom separation and purification of the trap sediments, and oxygen isotope measurement for diatom silica and lake water samples. The conditioned experiment conducted herein demonstrated that the laboratory device, methods and techniques used in this study were capable of generating reliable data for the typical oxygen isotope composition of diatom frustules. The data obtained revealed a prominent linear relationship between the oxygen isotope composition of the modern diatom and lake temperature during growth. The fractionation coefficient was about −0.185‰/°C−0.238‰/°C in the temperature range of 3.6–24°C, which is consistent with the observations from various aquatic environments and laboratory culture with different diatom taxa. These findings provide strong support for the dominant control of the growth temperature on the oxygen isotope fractionation between the diatom frustules and ambient water. A notable difference in the fractionation coefficient was observed between the surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotopes, suggesting that various depositional processes and taphonomic effects influenced the surface and bottom trap samples. Another factor leading to this difference may be that enrichment by evaporation and dilution by rainfall have a stronger influence on the surface. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate significant progress in evaluation of diatom oxygen isotopes in China and draw attention to the differences between surface and bottom diatom oxygen isotope compositions.     

Application of surface plasmon resonance in screening adsorbents and explaining adsorption phenomena using model polymers

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was developed as an online screening method to identify effective adsorbents for the peptide NH₂-Cys-Thr-Trp-Trp-COOH (CW-4). To validate the SPR technique, several linear polymers containing amino acid residues were synthesized as models of their corresponding adsorbents. SPR screening of all the linear polymers demonstrated that the linear polymer containing phenylalanine residues (PPhe) exhibited the highest affinity for CW-4 among the polymers tested. In accordance with the screening results from SPR, the adsorbent containing phenylalanine (APhe) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for CW-4. An interesting observation was that the amounts of CW-4 adsorbed on 3 adsorbents were quite small, even though both SPR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments indicated the presence of interactions between CW-4 and the three polymers. A kinetic analysis performed using SPR technology suggested such a phenomenon was ascribed to the poor stability of the CW-4/polymer complexes; that is, CW-4 associates with the polymers quickly, but it also dissociated quickly. The combined results suggested that SPR was a promising tool to identify the optimal adsorbent for peptides, analyze the interactions contributing to adsorption and explain adsorption phenomena using polymer models.     

基于MALAB的车牌定位算法研究

利用Matlab工具实现车牌定位算法研究。利用灰度修正，滤波和图像增强等预处理方法。较好地消除了图像的噪音，提高了图像质量。通过对车牌特征的研究，利用边缘检测和扫描方法实现车牌定位。     

我国特色养殖业系统分析与评价

依据我国的资源、环境、技术条件及现有基础，分析了特色养殖业的风险性及适宜我国各地区养殖的品种，提出了建议性饲养管理模式。