Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity

Antibiotics administered in low doses have been widely used as growth promoters in the agricultural industry since the 1950s, yet the mechanisms for this effect are unclear. Because antimicrobial agents of different classes and varying activity are effective across several vertebrate species, we proposed that such subtherapeutic administration alters the population structure of the gut microbiome as well as its metabolic capabilities. We generated a model of adiposity by giving subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy to young mice and evaluated changes in the composition and capabilities of the gut microbiome. Administration of subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy increased adiposity in young mice and increased hormone levels related to metabolism. We observed substantial taxonomic changes in the microbiome, changes in copies of key genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates to short-chain fatty acids, increases in colonic short-chain fatty acid levels, and alterations in the regulation of hepatic metabolism of lipids and cholesterol. In this model, we demonstrate the alteration of early-life murine metabolic homeostasis through antibiotic manipulation.     

加热对餐厨垃圾生物干化能效及氮损失的影响

针对餐厨垃圾生物干化处理周期长、脱水效率低的问题,基于外源辅助加热的生物干化机,比较不同加热温度(加热板设置温度)/加热时间(分别记为CK、JR 55-30、JR 75-30、JR 95-30、JR 105-20、JR 105-30、JR 105-40、JR 115-30)对餐厨垃圾生物干化过程系统脱水能效及氮素损失的影响.结果 表明:CK、JR 75-30和JR 105-30的单位质量水分去除能耗较低,分别为0.58、1.24和1.34 kW·h/kg,其余处理在1.42～1.61 kW·h/kg;JR 105-30、JR 105-40、JR 115-30的水分去除效率较高,别为84.22％、92.27％、84.77％;其余处理均在26.86％ ～76.82％;加热温度越高、加热时间越长,总氮(TN)和铵态氮损失率越大,8个处理的TN损失了6.16％ ～ 22.03％,铵态氮损失了19.15％ ～60.87％.Pearson相关性分析结果表明TN、铵态氮与含水率(MC)呈现显著正相关(P＜0.05),与电导率(EC)呈现显著负相关(P＜0.05).JR 105-40处理的单位质量水分去除能耗为1.52 kW· h/kg,比CK(0.58 kW·h/kg)高0.94 kW· h/kg;水分去除效率为92.27％,比CK(26.86％)高65.41％;TN损失了19.49％,比CK(6.16％)高13.33％;铵态氮损失了57.45％,比CK(19.15％)高38.30％.在保障快速干化效率的基础上,建议采用JR 105-40对餐厨垃圾进行生物干化;4 d内可以使餐厨垃圾含水率下降到28.56％.研究结果为餐厨垃圾快速生物干化处理外源加热温度/时间的选择提供了参考.     

语言运用中的词语调整

词语调整所包括的内容比较多 ,只谈在词语语言材料基本不变的情况下 ,为了满足表情达意的需要 ,进行转换、移植、拆开重组等调整词语的言语现象     

轮刀切割器的工作性能试验与分析

对铡草机常用的凹圆弧刀、凸圆弧刀和折线刀轮刀切割器功碎干饲草的功率消耗进行了试验研究，测定了它们对干饲草的切碎性能，分析了轮刀切割器的结构参数和运动参数对切碎性能的影响，讨论了合理工作参数的选择，对轮刀切割器的设计研究具有参考价值．     

四阶积分-微分方程的一类非线性边值问题

本文研究非线性边值问题x~((4))(t)=f(t,x(t),x′(t),x″(t),x″′(t),A(x(t),x′(t),x″(t),x″′(t)),x(a)=E,x′(a)=g_1(x(a)),x″(b)=D,x″′(b)=g_2(x″(a))的解的存在性,其中A是映C(3)[a,b]入C[a,b]的连续映射,函数f(·)关于所有的变元都连续,-∞相似文献   

少量元素掺杂对Y-Ba-Cu-O强化的影响

近期文献报道了选择满足ABO_3化合物中B位要求条件下的过渡族元素以及其它元素如V,Cr,Bi等,掺入(YBa)CuO_3中,它们可能取代Cu的位置,可以作为“结构探针”引出与其周围O的2p电子,氧缺位以及Cu、稀土离子等相互作用信息的变化,这有助于对超导微观机理的了解;且从少量过渡族元素和其它元素掺杂所带来的变     

Study of clinical features of amyloid angiopathy hemorrhage and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to differentiate between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertension (HTN) based on hemorrhage pattern interpretation. METHODS: From June 1994 to Oct., 2000, 83 patients admitted to our service with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were investigated retrospectively; 41 patients with histologically proven diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiography and 42 patients with clear history of hypertension were investigated. RESULTS: Patients with a CAA-related ICH were significantly older than patients with a HTN-related ICH (74.0 years vs 66.5 years, P < 0.05). There was a significantly higher number of hematomas > or = 30 ml in CAA (85.3%) when compared with HTN (59.5%). No basal ganglional hemorrhage was seen in CAA, but in 40.5% in HTN. In CAA-related ICH, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was seen in 26 patients (63.4%) compared to only 11 patients (26.2%) in HTN-related ICH. Intraventricular hemorrhage was seen in 24.4% in CAA, and in 26.2% in HTN. Typical features of CAA-related ICH included lobar distribution affecting mainly the lobar superficial areas, lobulated appearance, rupture into the subarachnoid space, and secondary IVH from the lobar hemorrhage. More specifically, multiplicity of hemorrhage, bilaterality, and repeated episodes also strongly suggest the diagnosis of CAA. Multiple hemorrhages, defined as 2 or more separate hematomas in multiple lobes, accounted for 17.1% in CAA-related ICH. CONCLUSION: There are certain features in CAA on CT and MRI and in clinical settings. To some extent, these features may contribute to distinguishing CAA from HTN related ICH.