一种合成艾杜糖醛酸的新方法

以二丙酮-D-葡萄糖为起始原料,经苄基保护、脱丙酮叉保护基、全乙酰化、1位上硫酐、脱OAc、TEMPO氧化、羧酸甲基化、C-5位差向异构化等8步反应得到关键中间体3-O-苄基-1-S-对甲基苯基-α-L-艾杜糖醛酸甲酯(8),再经选择性的2位上Bz、4位上Fmoc保护基2步反应后,以7.3%的总产率得到全保护的艾杜糖醛酸(10).通过改变甲醇钠用量、反应温度、反应时间,得到了化合物8的优化制备工艺条件.该操作方法操作简便,适宜工业化.     

Spontaneous vesicle formation from DSB／AOT mixed system

Spontaneous vesicles from the aqueous mixtures of dodecyl sulfonate betaine (DSB) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) at certain mixing ratios have been demonstrated by using calorimetry, freeze-frac-ture transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), negative-staining TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The addition of NaCl will promote vesicle formation and the heat effect of monodisperse vesicle system is greatest. Meanwhile the mechanism was analyzed from the viewpoint of packing parameter f, molecular geometry structure and interaction.     

基于变参数的远程康复训练机器人神经网络控制

为使患者的远程康复训练达到更为理想的效果,针对患者在训练时肌肉痉挛对双向遥操作系统的稳定性以及对从机械手的速度平滑性的影响,提出了一种新的基于BP神经网络变参数控制方法.通过检测患者训练时力、加速度、速度、位置等的变化,采用BP神经网络自动调整从端控制参数,从而消除了系统的不稳定性和减少了对系统平滑性的影响,并具有很强的鲁棒性.分析和仿真试验结果表明,此方法与传统的控制方法相比,可有效地克服患者因肌肉痉挛带来的干扰并具有较好的稳定性和平滑性.     

柑橘凤蝶形态特征及年生活史研究

野外采集卵、幼虫,在玻璃温室内供以幼虫寄主植物、成虫蜜源植物饲养,第2、3代及越冬代皆为第1代后代,观察研究柑橘凤蝶各虫态、各虫龄与发育历期.结果表明,柑橘凤蝶在郑州地区一年可完成3代,卵期为5⁷ d,幼虫5龄,幼虫期157 d,幼虫5龄,幼虫期15²4 d,蛹期924 d,蛹期9¹5 d,越冬蛹期14015 d,越冬蛹期140¹56 d,成虫期10156 d,成虫期10¹2 d.同时记录、描述了柑橘凤蝶各虫态、幼虫5个龄期外部形态及生物学习性.     

基于流的可伸缩性网页布局的最高效设计方法

曾经横行以往的标准即基于table+css的网页设计技术已经不再流行,目前更多的网站更愿意使用div+css的网页结构。[1]利用现在主流的div+css布局技术能使网页呈现很多梦幻效果,特别是在网页后期的更新与维护中省时省力,只需略做调整便可适应不同风格或不同浏览器。尤其是在设计可伸缩性页面布局方面,div+css技术是最高效的不二选择。     

Two possible hydrothermal vents in the northern Okinawa Trough

As the Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin in early spreading, modern submarine hydrothermal activity and minerallization have many characteristics which have aroused wide attention. Up to now, three well-known hydrothermal venting areas are all located in the middle part of the trough. During two cruise investigations to map and sample the seafloor, numbers ofCalyptogena sp. shells were dredged at two sites in the northern trough with comparatively thicker crust and numerous submarine volcanoes. Based on the fact thatCalyptogena sp. is only observed around the hydrothermal vents and lives on hydrothermal activities, it is predicted that there is the possibility of modern hydrothermal activities in the northern part of the trough. In this note, the shell is carefully characterized and the sample locations with possible hydrothermal activity are given. It is pointed out that the research of biogenic fossils to trace hydrothermal activity changes in venting time, strength fluctuations, evolution in chemical compositions and so on should be stressed in the future in addition to the study of the ecological characteristics of hydrothermal organisms.     

Discovery of marine fossils in the upper part of the Permian Linxi Formation in Lopingian, Xingmeng area, China

Two important geological issues have a long history of debate in the Xingmeng area. The first concerns the final closure of the North China plate, Siberia plate and several intermediate massifs in the area, and the other con- cerns the folding and lifting of the Xingmeng Trough. Dis- agreements arise because of issues involving the tectonic- palaeogeographical environment of the Upper Permian deposits of the Linxi Formation. The Linxi Formation （Upper Permian） is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental deposit or separated into marine- terrigenous facies deposited during the Lower to Middle Linxi Period and continental deposits in the Upper Linxi Period. However, in this study, large numbers of bryozoan and sponge spicule fossils were discovered for this first time in the thick limestone layers and lenses of the upper part of the Linxi Formation found in the Guandi section of Linxi county in eastern Inner Mongolia. At the same time, abun- dant bryozoan fossils were also found in sedimentary tuff slices that were collected from the upper part of the Tao- huayingzi Formation from the Taohuayingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner, and abundant small connecting body crinoid stem fossils were found in the dark shale of the Yangjiagou Formation from the Yangjiagou section of Jiutai county, Jilin Province. These marine fossils provide the first evidence that the Xingmeng area was still a marine or mainly marine environment at the end of the late Permian. This not only provides conclusive evidence for the recognition of the above two major geological issues but also promotes chan- ges in the approach towards research, exploration and development of oil and gas, shale gas （oil）, and other mineral resources that are preserved in the late Permian layers of the Northeast-Xingmeng area.     

两种氯代硝基苯胺对鱼类血清性激素水平的影响

研究了2－氯－4－硝基苯胺、2－氯－5－硝基苯胺对斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio)的急性毒性,96h LC50分别为6.99(6.21,7.86)mg/L、8.63(7.68,9.71)mg/L。将鲫鱼（Carassius auratus)分别暴露于梯度浓度的2－氯－4－硝基苯胺、2－氯－5－硝基苯胺两周,用放射免疫法测定空白对照组和染毒组鲫鱼血清的睾酮浓度,结果表明,与空白对照组相比,各染毒组睾酮浓度明显降低,两化合物各浓度组平均降低分别为31．2％、21．3％,表明氯代硝基苯胺类化合物对鱼体内性类固醇激素水平有一定影响,为可疑的环境内分泌干扰物。     

东营凹陷细粒沉积岩岩相组合特征

综合应用岩芯、薄片、全岩X射线衍射等资料,根据岩石组分、沉积构造、TOC和碳酸盐晶体结构等指标划分东营凹陷沙四上-沙三下亚段细粒沉积岩岩相,该段主要发育富有机质纹层状隐晶泥质灰岩、富有机质纹层状微晶泥质灰岩、富有机质纹层状灰质泥岩、富有机质层状泥质灰岩、富有机质层状灰质泥岩、富有机质块状灰质泥岩、含有机质层状灰质泥岩和含有机质层状膏质泥岩相等8种岩相。结合地球化学元素资料恢复的古气候、古盐度、古水深及古水体的氧化还原性和古物源等指标恢复细粒沉积岩的沉积环境,进而明确不同沉积环境细粒沉积岩岩相组合特征及成因。在此基础上,建立了东营凹陷沙四上-沙三下亚段细粒沉积岩的沉积模式。该成果对陆相页岩油勘探有重要指导作用。     

锂离子电池氧化物负极材料的研究

采用氨解法制备了SnO,Sb2O3,GeO23种氧化物粉末,将其分别作为锂离子电池负极材料的活性物质,利用恒电流电池测试仪研究其电化学性能·研究发现,这3种活性物质有较高的电化学容量,其首次放电容量分别为1520mAh/g(GeO2),820mAh/g(Sb2O3),1040mAh/g(SnO);首次充电容量分别为800mAh/g(GeO2),520mAh/g(Sb2O3),800mAh/g(SnO)·同时还发现其不可逆容量损失也较大,讨论了产生这一结果的可能原因,提出了减少不可逆容量损失的办法·