TTAC-HPMo/SiO_2催化剂的表征及其氧化脱硫性能分析

以十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TTAC-HPMo/SiO_2催化剂,利用FTIR、XRD、SEM和N_2吸附-脱附等技术对其进行表征,并分析催化剂制备条件和反应条件对模型油氧化脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,在m(HPMo)/m(SiO_2)=15%、焙烧温度为400℃条件下所制TTAC-HPMo/SiO_2催化剂,其孔隙结构发达、氧化脱硫性能最佳;对于10mL以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为目标含硫化合物的模型油(硫含量为400μg/g),当m(TTAC-HPMo/SiO_2)/m(模型油)=0.43%、V(H_2O_2)/V(模型油)=0.2%、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为14min时,所制TTAC-HPMo/SiO_2催化剂对模型油中DBT的脱除率达到100%。     

高速水润滑止推轴承的滑移润滑性能研究

建立了多种具有不同滑移区域分布特征的推力瓦数学模型,在考虑流体边界滑移效应、扩展了经典Reynolds方程并设定合理边界条件的基础上,借助MATLAB软件对模型进行数值仿真求解,研究了滑移区域分布方式、面积占比及滑移长度对轴承动压润滑性能的影响。结果表明,在靠近流场入口处沿周向分布滑移区域能显著提升不同转速条件下的推力瓦面承载力;当滑移区域面积占瓦面面积比介于0.3~0.4且滑移长度为1000nm时,轴承推力瓦面具有最优动压润滑性能。     

Alkaline digestion behavior and alumina extraction from sodium aluminosilicate generated in pyrometallurgical process

In pyrometallurgical process, Al-and Si-bearing minerals in iron and aluminum ores are easily transformed into sodium aluminosilicates in the presence of Na₂O constituents, which alters the leaching behaviors of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. It was confirmed that sodium aluminosilicates with different phase compositions synthesized at various roasting conditions were effectively digested in the alkaline digestion process. Under the optimum conditions at temperature of 100-120℃, liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 10:2 mL/g, caustic ratio of 4, and Na₂O concentration of 240 g/L, the actual and relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ from the synthesized sodium aluminosilicates reached maximums of about 65% and 95%, respectively, while SiO₂ was barely leached out. To validate the superior digestion property of sodium aluminosilicate generated via an actual process, the Bayer digestion of an Al₂O₃-rich material derived from reductive roasting of bauxite and comprising Na_1.75Al_1.75Si_0.25O₄ was conducted; the relative digestion ratio of Al₂O₃ attained 90% at 200℃.     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

基于全社会成本评估的输煤输电经济比较

分析了输煤和输电全社会成本的构成,将系统投资成本、燃料成本、环境损失成本、可靠性成本之和定义为全社会成本,并提出输煤和输电全社会成本的评估框架,根据单位供电量的全社会成本进行输煤输电经济比较.已有的系统运行模拟方法计及了机组组合优化模型和安全约束经济调度模型,可以详细评估输煤和输电每一时段的燃料成本、环境损失成本和可靠性成本.评估了输煤与特高压直流输电的具体算例,详细分析了输电线路年利用小时数、环境损失成本和可靠性成本对输煤和输电经济比较的影响.结果表明在输煤输电的比较中,考虑可靠性和环境因素是非常必要的.     

Banach空间中寻求(α,β)-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代格式

引入（α，β）-适度混合集值映像与条件I^*的概念，提出了用于寻求（α，β）-适度混合集值映像吸引点的一般迭代法.在一致凸Banach空间中，利用条件I^*与半紧性质，建立了所提（α，β）-适度混合集值映像的迭代格式的强收敛性.结论改进与修正了之前文献中已发布的相应结果.     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

山东半岛南部三疣梭子蟹放流前后渔业生物群落结构初步分析

根据2012年三疣梭子蟹放流前后的渔业资源调查数据,借助大型多元统计软件PRIMER的聚类分析、多维排序尺度、相似性分析以及生物量丰度曲线分析功能,对山东半岛南部各放流海湾渔业生物群落结构进行了分析.结果表明,在调查时间段内,山东半岛南部海域渔业生物群落结构差异不明显(R=0.073,P>0.05),各放流海湾的群落优势种在放流以后发生改变,以甲壳类为优势种主体,并成为组群划分的决定性因素,但群落的多样性指数基本不变;丰度生物量比较(ABC)曲线的变化表明,增殖放流以及鱼群洄游虽然对群落结构的变化产生了一定影响,但作用有限.     

Simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium using earth-abundant potassium feldspar

CO2 capture and storage(CCS) is an important strategy in combatting anthropogenic climate change.However,commercial application of the CCS technique is currently hampered by its high energy expenditure and costs.To overcome this issue,CO2 capture and utilization(CCU) is a promising CO2 disposal method.We,for the first time,developed a promising method to mineralize CO2 using earth-abundant potassium feldspar in order to effectively reduce CO2 emissions.Our experiments demonstrate that,after adding calcium chloride hexahydrate as an additive,the K-feldspar can be transformed to Ca-silicates at 800 C,which can easily mineralize CO2 to form stable calcium carbonate and recover soluble potassium.The conversion of this process reached 84.7%.With further study,the pretreatment temperature can be reduced to 250 C using hydrothermal method by adding the solution of triethanolamine(TEA).The highest conversion can be reached 40.1%.The process of simultaneous mineralization of CO2 and recovery of soluble potassium can be easily implemented in practice and may provide an economically feasible way to tackle global anthropogenic climate change.     

光催化剂沸石/Fe_2O_3/TiO_2的制备、表征及性能

以天然沸石为载体,以钛酸丁酯、硝酸铁为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备负载型Fe_2O_3/TiO_2光催化剂;采用XRD、SEM、EDS及XPS对样品进行结构表征及化学组成分析.结果表明:400℃焙烧所制得光催化剂中TiO_2主要以锐钛矿形式存在,掺杂铁元素主要以价键形式分布在沸石中,负载Fe_2O_3/TiO_2的沸石主要呈球形和类球形.降解实验表明:光催化剂对甲基橙具有良好的降解性能,且易回收再利用.