改进萤火虫算法及其收敛性分析

萤火虫算法因具有结构简单、控制参数少、易于实现的特点而得到广泛的关注和应用,但其易陷入局部最优导致过早收敛,从而影响寻优精度。针对这一问题,本文在位置更新规则中加入随机扰动因子,并剔除了冗余的随机项,以提高算法搜索能力;引入位置置换变异和差分进化算法中的最优变异策略,在保持种群多样性的同时,增强算法跳出局部最优的能力。采用马尔可夫过程证明了算法以概率1收敛到全局最优。利用基准函数和装箱问题对算法进行仿真测试,结果表明,改进后的算法能够有效跳出局部最优,对给出的所有问题均能找到理论最优解,寻优精度和成功率有明显提升。     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

Deep cleaning of a metallurgical zinc leaching residue and recovery of valuable metals

Huge quantities of zinc leaching residues (ZLRs) generated from zinc production are dumped continuously around the world and pose a potential environmental threat because of their considerable amounts of entrained heavy metals (mainly lead). Most ZLRs have not been properly treated and the valuable metals in them have not yet been effectively recovered. Herein, the deep cleaning of a ZLR and recovery of valuable metals via a hydrometallurgical route were investigated. The cleaning process consists of two essential stages:acid leaching followed by calcium chloride leaching. The optimum conditions for extracting zinc, copper, and indium by acid leaching were a sulfuric acid concentration of 200 g·L-1, a liquid/solid ratio of 4:1 (mL/g), a leaching time of 2 h, and a temperature of 90℃. For lead and silver extractions, the optimum conditions were a calcium chloride concentration of 400 g·L-1, a pH value of 1.0, a leaching time of 1 h, and a temperature of 30℃. After calcium chloride leaching, silver and lead were extracted out and the lead was finally recovered as electrolytic lead by electrowinning. The anglesite phase, which poses the greatest potential environmental hazard, was removed from the ZLR after deep cleaning, thus reducing the cost of environmental management of ZLRs. The treatment of chlorine and spent electrolyte generated in the process was discussed.     

MgB2基超导材料研究进展

2001年1月发现MgB2基超导体具有39K的临界转变温度。是迄今为止转变温度最高的非铜氧化物超导体。国内外对MgB2基超导材料进行了广泛而又深入的研究，本简述了近期对MgB2基超导材料的研究进展，介绍了近期主要有关MgB2基超导材料电子结构研究和应用开发的工作。着重叙述了关于基超导机制的研究。     

组合数学的游戏起源

数学家对游戏问题的思考与解答，促进了数学的产生与发展，组合数学许多研究方向的产生，就直接来源于一些经典的数学游戏，同时游戏也丰富了组合数学的研究方法与内容。     

纵环加筋圆柱壳塑性屈曲分析

采用Mises屈服准则和塑性形变理论,基于能量原理对纵环加筋圆柱壳的塑性屈曲进行了分析,给出了简明的临界压力求解公式并讨论了壳板塑性屈曲、肋板局部塑性屈曲和环筋柱壳塑性屈曲等几种特殊情况.计算结果表明,本文方法具有较好的精度和通用性.     

基于SURE-LET和非张量积小波的遥感图像去噪

针对遥感图像中的高斯噪声,提出了基于SURE-LET和非张量积小波的去噪方法,主要包括图像在非张量积小波下的分解、各个子带在不同阈值函数下的处理以及它们最优的线性组合3个步骤．通过选择合适的非张量积小波滤波器参数,使无噪遥感图像和噪声在变换分解中得到的小波系数分离较好,去除噪声对应的小波系数时被去除的无噪图像对应的小波系数较少,从而取得更好的去噪效果．实验结果表明：此方法用于高斯噪声的遥感图像的去噪不仅速度很快,而且去噪效果优于传统基于张量积小波的SURE-LET方法．     

预蠕变—塑性的本构描述及其实验验证

基于热力学相容的本构模型并合理地定义广义时间标度，得到了描述蠕变，塑性及其交互作用的统一型本构方程。进而通过对蠕变、塑性及其交互作用过程中材料内部子结构及其变化的分析，将材料的强化分解为对应于累积非弹性变形的强化和由蠕变变形导致的附加强化。对对高温环境二维应力路径下３１６不锈钢的预蠕变－塑性变形过程进行了分析，取得了与Ｏｈａｓｈｉ等的实验数据相吻合的结果。     

Effects of truncated mutants of the ε subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase on the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission of chloroplast and its ATP synthesis ability

The ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase and the truncated ε mutants which lack some amino acid residues from the N-terminus or C-terminus were overexpressed in E. coil When the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was added to the spinach chloroplast suspension, both the intensity of the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission (ms-DLE) and the cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation activity of chloroplast were enhanced. With an increase in the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus, the enhancement effect of the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the enhancement effect increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus. Besides, the ATP synthesis activity of ε-deficient membrane reconstituted with the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was compared. The ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane with the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually as the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus increased. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus, but was still lower than that of the wild type ε protein. These results suggested that: (a) the N-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase could affect the ATP synthesis activity of ATP synthase by regulating the efficiency of blocking proton leakage of ε subunit; and (b) the C-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase had a subtle function in modulating the ATP synthesis ability of ATP synthase.     

激光位相调制的麦克尔逊干涉光外差探测

导出了激光经位相调制后的麦克尔逊干涉光外差探测的讯号特征表式。并讨论用该技术对激光进行稳频及用来测量反射镜的反射率的现实可能性。