全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4985篇 |
免费 | 148篇 |
国内免费 | 204篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 199篇 |
丛书文集 | 119篇 |
教育与普及 | 109篇 |
理论与方法论 | 20篇 |
现状及发展 | 36篇 |
研究方法 | 37篇 |
综合类 | 4816篇 |
自然研究 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 76篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 47篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 47篇 |
2015年 | 77篇 |
2014年 | 130篇 |
2013年 | 132篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 178篇 |
2010年 | 145篇 |
2009年 | 163篇 |
2008年 | 218篇 |
2007年 | 207篇 |
2006年 | 164篇 |
2005年 | 185篇 |
2004年 | 149篇 |
2003年 | 121篇 |
2002年 | 143篇 |
2001年 | 157篇 |
2000年 | 153篇 |
1999年 | 285篇 |
1998年 | 246篇 |
1997年 | 274篇 |
1996年 | 264篇 |
1995年 | 233篇 |
1994年 | 224篇 |
1993年 | 167篇 |
1992年 | 142篇 |
1991年 | 133篇 |
1990年 | 154篇 |
1989年 | 119篇 |
1988年 | 100篇 |
1987年 | 66篇 |
1986年 | 40篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5337条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
中国的《梁山伯与祝英台》和英国的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,两者同为爱情悲剧,却存在较大的差异。本文试从两者文本的比较中,探求中西审美在主观善美与客观真美、伦理与个性等方面的不同及原因。并从动画版《梁山伯与祝英台》的评析中,探讨中西审美的同质化倾向及中西审美的互补问题。 相似文献
122.
本文用分光光度法研究了碱性介质中二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)配离子氧化氨基乙酸的反应动力学。实验结果表明反应对Cu(Ⅲ)是准一级。表观速率常数kobs随着氨基乙酸浓度的增加而增大,随着〔OH-〕的增大而增大,但随着〔IO-4〕的增大反而减小;且发现1/kobs对〔氨基乙酸〕和1/kobs对〔IO-4〕有线性关系。据此提出了一种含有前期平衡的反应机理,推出了一个能够解释全部实验事实的速率方程式,求得了速控步骤的速率常数k,并给出了相应的活化参数。 相似文献
123.
用EBV,DNP及PMA分别或协同对人胚鼻咽粘膜裸鼠移植物进行诱癌研究,探讨上述因素在人实验性鼻咽癌发生中的作用。免疫荧光法检查证实,经B95-8上清液体外及体内转染的人胚鼻咽粘膜上皮表达EBNA。实验结果显示,实验各组均可见各种增生性改变,对照组仅见一般增生性病变。各诱癌组均可见癌前病变,组间无显著性差异。共出现癌8例(1)EBV组:原位癌1例。 (2)EBV+PMA组:早期浸润癌1例。(3)EBV+DNP组:原位癌及浸润癌各1例。(4)EBV+DNP+PMA组:浸润癌1例。 (5)DNP组:原位癌1例。(6)DNP+PMA组:原位癌及浸润癌各1例。结果提示EBV可能在人鼻咽上皮实验性癌变过程中起病因作用。本研究成功诱发了三例浸润癌,均系DAP与其它因素(PMA、EBV)协同作用,提示人鼻咽癌的发生可能与多种致癌因素的相互作用有关。 相似文献
124.
125.
The highly depleted N-MORB-type volcanic rocks have been discovered in Mianlue mélange of Qinling orogenic belt, central China.
These mafic rocks are associated with the meta-peridotites, showing LREE-depleted pattern, similar to N-MORB and typical ophiolites.
It is indicated that an ancient ocean existed in the Mianlue area of Qinling orogenic belt during the late Paleozoic. 相似文献
126.
It is difficult to date pyroclastic rocks, for almost all the dating methods, due to the multiple sources during their formation. ^40Ar/^39gAr incremental heating results on groundmass selected from the samples show that the age spectra are meaningless geologically. However, singe crystal total fusions of CO2 lasing on the sanidine separates could yield rational 4^40Ar/^39Ar results and distinguish their sources in this study. Timing on three formations of the Moshishan Group, after avoiding the exotic and altered grains by lasing on the single sanidine separate, was reported in this paper. The lowermost portion of the Chawan Formation gives an age of 113.7±0.3 Ma; the lower part of the Xishantou Formation was formed 116.4±0.4 Ma ago and the bottom of the Gaowu Formation took its shape at 118.4±0.4 Ma. These new ages are much younger than the previous ones, suggesting that these thick volcanic formations had been formed in very short durations. 相似文献
127.
磷对烃类催化裂化催化剂表面酸性及抗炭性能的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
考察了磷改性对催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的表面酸性、抗炭性及反应活性的影响,探讨了催化剂表面酸性与抗炭性能的关系,结果表明,在以超稳Y分子筛作为活性组分的FCC催化剂中引入磷元素,能降低催化剂的表面酸强度,减少酸中心数,降低催化剂的积炭速率,同时加入适量的磷有利于提高催化剂的反应活性。 相似文献
128.
Ning Han Zaixing Yang Lifan Shen Hao Lin Ying Wang Edwin Y.B.Pun Yunfa Chen Johnny C.Ho 《科学通报(英文版)》2016,61(5):357-367
To date, the cost-effective utilization of solar energy by photovoltaics for large-scale deployment remains challenging. Further cost minimization and efficiency maximization, through reduction of material consumption, simplification of device fabrication as well as optimization of device structure and geometry, are required. The usage of 1D nanomaterials is attractive due to the outstanding light coupling effect, the ease of fabrication, and integration with one-dimensional(1-D) semiconductor materials. The light absorption efficiency can be enhanced significantly, and the corresponding light-toelectricity conversion efficiency can be as high as their bulk counterparts. Also, the amount of active materials used can be reduced. This review summarizes the recent development of 1-D nanomaterials for photovoltaic applications, including the anti-reflection, the light absorption,the minority diffusion, and the semiconductor junction properties. With solid progress and prospect shown in the past 10 years, 1-D semiconductor nanomaterials are attractive and promising for the realization of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells. 相似文献
129.
探讨了聚丙烯腈/羟乙基纤维素(PAN/HEC)共混溶剂的选择及体系的相容性和流变性.结果表明,二甲基亚矾是PAN/HEC的较理想溶剂,而且它们在热力学上是不相容的.然而,由于体系粘度高,大分子链运动困难,因此在某些条件下相对稳定,显示了典型的非牛顿流体的特征.随着HEC/PAN共混比的增加,总固含量的提高,以及温度的降低,共混溶液的非牛顿指数降低,结构粘度指数上升,剪切弹性模量和最大松驰时间增加. 相似文献
130.
WenKun Bai ShaoLing Yang E. Shen JiZhen Zhang ZhiYong Shen Bing Hu 《科学通报(英文版)》2013,58(28-29):3535-3540
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces apoptotic cell death in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells and to identify the probable mechanism. We used ultrasound in continuous wave mode with a frequency of 21 kHz and a spatial-average temporal-average intensity of 46 mW/cm2. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (200 μL SonoVue?) was used to treat androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells for 30 s. PC-3 cells were divided into three groups: the control group, the ultrasound group and the ultrasound combined with microbubbles group. Immediately after treatment, trypan blue exclusion was used to assess cell viability. Cell apoptosis at 24 h after treatment was measured using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles had a minimal effect on the viability of PC-3 cells and induced minimal levels of cell lysis. The level of apoptosis in PC-3 cells induced by this modality was significantly higher than in controls (12.77 ± 0.31% vs. 2.56 ± 0.22%, P<0.01). Treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles increased the expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein. It was concluded that ultrasound combined with microbubbles induces apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells through down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax. 相似文献