Exocytotic fusion is activated by Rab3a peptides.

Studies of intracellular traffic in yeast and mammalian systems have implicated members of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins as regulators of membrane fusion. We have used the patch clamp technique to measure exocytotic fusion events directly and investigate the role of GTP-binding proteins in regulating exocytosis in mast cells. Intracellular perfusion of mast cells with GTP-gamma S is sufficient to trigger complete exocytotic degranulation in the absence of other intracellular messengers. Here we show that GTP is a potent inhibitor of GTP-gamma S-induced degranulation, indicating that sustained activation of a GTP-binding protein is sufficient for membrane fusion. We have found that synthetic oligopeptides, corresponding to part of the effector domain of Rab3a, stimulate complete exocytotic degranulation, similar to that induced by GTP-gamma S. The response is selective for Rab3a sequence and is strictly dependent on Mg2+ and ATP. This suggests that sustained activation of a Rab3 protein causes exocytotic fusion. The peptide response can be accelerated by GDP-beta S, suggesting that Rab3a peptides compete with endogenous Rab3 proteins for a binding site on a target effector protein, which causes fusion on activation.     

Retrograde transport of endocytosed Shiga toxin to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Shiga toxin and some other protein toxins that act on targets in the cytosol have previously been shown to enter the trans-Golgi network. Transport by this route may be necessary for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol and for intoxication, but it is not known whether the enzymatically active part of the toxins actually enters the cytosol from the trans-Golgi network. It has been suggested that such toxins are transported in a retrograde manner to the endoplasmic reticulum and that translocation occurs in this organelle, but retrograde transport of endocytosed material beyond the trans-Golgi network has never been demonstrated. Here we show that in butyric acid-treated A431 cells endocytosed Shiga toxin is not only transported to the trans-Golgi network, but also to all Golgi stacks, to the endoplasmic reticulum and to the nuclear envelope. Furthermore, butyric acid sensitizes the cells to Shiga toxin, which is consistent with the possibility that retrograde transport is required for translocation of the toxin to the cytosol.     

人的全面发展观与学生党支部建设

“人的全面发展”观是马克思主义人学理论中的一个基本观点。全面发展的人是社会现代化的构成和目标，促进人的全面发展是社会主义现代化事业的目标和任务。高校学生党支部要按照人的全面发展的观点，调整党支部的工作思路，改进党支部的内部管理，形成充满活力的运行机制，使学生党支部真正成为高校学生中党的工作的主阵地。     

化工传热过程计算方法的分析

通过分析比较化工传热过程计算中的平均温度差法(MTD法)和传热单元数法(NTU法),找出了它们之间的内在联系,结合这两种方法的优点,组合成了一种新的计算方法,应用于化工传热过程的计算,可使计算过程大为简便,同时又可评价换热设备流动型式的合理性。     

多维测量结果不确定度评价方法初探

为解决以多维矢量形式存在被测对象的测量质量评定问题,该文应用测量不确定度理论和多元概率统计方法,将测量不确定度理论进行了向多维的拓展;对多维情况下的测量不确定度传播律进行了推导;论述了多维不确定度的表示方法及空间几何意义;提出了以多维不确定度比较不同测量结果质量的方法;并给出了常用多维测量方法,如等精度独立多维测量和不等精度独立多维测量的不确定度评定方法。理论分析及仿真算例表明,所提出的理论具有较完备的体系,能够满足测量实际中常用多维测量方法的不确定度评定需求。     

高速磁浮曲线地段简支轨道梁墩体系动力响应仿真

应用桥梁动力学、车辆动力学和电磁相互作用原理建立了高速常导磁浮交通车-梁-墩体系动力分析模型,利用数值积分求解了大规模非线性耦合动力方程.在此基础上结合具体线路条件进行了车线耦合动力学检算,得到了曲线地段车辆及梁墩体系动力响应基本规律.该部分的研究为制订合理的高速磁浮线路设计标准提供了理论依据.