Exponential smoothing: Behavior of the ex-post sum of squares near 0 and 1

When using simple exponential smoothing on a given time series the nature of the relationship between the optimal smoothing constant and the autocorrelation structure of the series remains an unresolved question. Although numerical search routines can easily be used to find optimal values of the smoothing constant, they offer little insight into the nature of the relationship between the estimated smoothing constant and the structure of the underlying time series. We suggest that renewed investigations of the ex-post sum of squares function may prove helpful in this pursuit. Results are presented that illustrate how the optimal smoothing constant depends upon the value used to initialize the smoothing and upon the sample autocorrelation coefficients of the observed series. These results are based on a new formula for the derivative of the ex-post sum of squares function. In particular, the derivative is examined near 0 and 1, where great simplifications occur in its form, thereby facilitating investigations near these points. A necessary and sufficient condition is stated for when the ex-post sum of squares must have a positive derivative at 0 and the autocorrelation coefficients of the differenced series are shown to affect the sign of the derivative near 1. Based on these results, a general algorithm is presented as an alternative to grid search routines for minimizing the ex-post sum of squares.     

光纤色散与OFDL信号处理

光纤色散对OFDL器件功能的影响并不总能忽略。对OFDL陷波器,在现有器件水平下,由于色散ND只能达到30dB左右,远低于测量系统的限制(>55dB)。利用陷波器,也可以测量光纤色散、该方法具有步骤简便、对器件要求低、精度高等优点。     

新型全固态铁离子敏感电极研究

采用稀土电极材料六硼化镧制备了一种新的全固态铁离子敏感电极。研究了该敏感电极在常见介质中对Ｆｅ３＋的响应行为。结果表明，该铁离子敏感电极在１．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ３ＰＯ４介质中的线性响应范围、检测下限和响应斜率分别为１．０×１０－５～１．０×１０－１ｍｏｌ／ＬＦｅ３＋，６．０×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ＬＦｅ３＋和６０ｍＶ／ｐＣ，且具有较好的选择性。     

Microbial degradation of bitumen

Summary A blown bitumen Mexphalte R 90/40 with a high content of saturated hydrocarbons was degraded by several microorganisms to the same extent. In batch cultures ofSaccharomycopsis lipolytica, maximal biodegradation was estimated to be about 9% w/w, 3.2·10^–3 g/cm² and 3.1·10^–3 cm of degraded bitumen. The Mexphalte R 90/40 degradation rate was closely coupled to biofilm formation. The microbial activity concerned predominantly the oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. A direct distillation bitumen 80/100 with a low content of saturated hydrocarbons and a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons and resins was more resistant to biodegradation.     

显微组织对NdFeB磁体β（iHc）的影响

研究了显微组织对ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体ｉＨｃ及β（ｉＨｃ）的影响，对ＮｄｘＦｅ９３－ｘＢ７磁体，ｘ从１６增加到２８时，Ｈｃ增加了５５％，β（ｉＨｃ）降低了约１１％；进一步优化显微组织，增加富Ｎｄ晶间相，减弱晶粒间的磁耦合作用及消除晶粒表面的高退磁场区域，不仅可提高磁体的矫顽力，亦可显著改善其矫顽力温度系数。     

浅析血型与体操运动员的选材

本文通过与遗传密切有关的血型来探讨体操选材,为准确选拔体操运动员,提供一些理论依据.     

MeV Pb离子在非晶Si中的射程离散──离子束混合和增强扩散的影响

１．０ＭｅＶ２０８Ｐｂ离子在非晶Ｓｉ中的投影射程ＲＰ和射程偏差ΔＲＰ作为注量和温度二者的函数用背散射法进行测定．注量的变化范围为５×１０１３～７×１０１４ｃｍ－２．注入是在室温和ｔ＝－１２０℃下完成的．由由实验所确定的投影射程，射程偏差与注量或温度无关，并且分别等于２９５和７２．２ｎｍ．与ＴＲＩＭ８６的计算结果相比较，发现ＲＰ的偏离为１８％，而ΔＲＰ的偏离为３６％．ＲＰ和ΔＲＰ二者与注量及温度的无关性，排除了所观察到的与ＴＲＩＭ的矛盾是由于注入期间辐射增强扩散或离子束混合效应而引起的解释。     

离散型输入输出数学模型应用的研究

本文讨论离散型输入输出数学模型的建立及在定期存款问题,溶液的混合、树群株数的增长和经济方面的应用。     

Radar Imaging Based on Iterative Algorithms

It has long been realized that the problem of radar imaging is a special case of image reconstruction in which the data are incomplete and noisy. In other fields, iterative reconstruction algorithms have been used successfully to improve the image quality. This paper studies the application of iterative algorithms in radar imaging. A discrete model is first derived, and the iterative algorithms are then adapted to radar imaging. Although such algorithms are usually time consuming, this paper shows that, if the algorithms are appropriately simplified, it is possible to realize them even in real time. The efficiency of iterative algorithms is shown through computer simulations.     

The Huntington's disease candidate region exhibits many different haplotypes.

Analysis of 78 Huntington's disease (HD) chromosomes with multi-allele markers revealed 26 different haplotypes, suggesting a variety of independent HD mutations. The most frequent haplotype, accounting for about one third of disease chromosomes, suggests that the disease gene is between D4S182 and D4S180. However, the paucity of an expected class of chromosomes that can be related to this major haplotype by assuming single crossovers may reflect the operation of other mechanisms in creating haplotype diversity. Some of these mechanisms sustain alternative scenarios that do not require a multiple mutational origin for HD and/or its positioning between D4S182 and D4S180.