On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.

Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.     

基于神经网络技术自动筛选Monastrol抑制剂的算法研究

带自动荧光显微镜的HCS（high content screening）系统是一种新兴的显微摄影、筛选和处理系统.HCS系统在摄影过程中会产生大量数据,人工筛选和识别费时费力.本文为了进行Monastrol抑制剂的筛选,基于前馈式神经网络技术研究了一种对HCS系统摄影的大量细胞同时进行特征提取和细胞显型识别的自动算法.在得到各个通道分离的图像后,对不同通道图像进行并行预处理,并采用神经网络和逻辑运算相结合的算法进行处理.我们将该方法运用于Monastrol抑制剂的筛选中,并将结果与人工识别结果进行分析比较.相比较前人提出的multi-phenotypic mitotic analysis（MMA）算法自动识别的正确率得以提高,可更好评估抗癌药剂效用.     

穿江输油管道抗浮稳定最小埋深分析

穿江管道的最小埋深受到多方面因素的影响,如何确定最小埋深是穿江管道埋深设计中必须重视的关键问题.针对最小埋深传统算法的不足,提出了基于有限元的优化算法.该优化算法可综合考虑上覆土层厚度、河道行洪冲刷、地震荷载等因素的影响,得到的管道最小埋深更加符合工程实际情况.结合某实际的穿江管道工程,进行了2种计算方法的对比,分析了有限元优化算法的优越性.     

Correlation between the glass-forming ability and activation energy of crystallization for Zr75−x Ni25Al x metallic glasses

The thermal stability and the kinetics of glass transition and crystallization for Zr_75?x Ni₂₅Al _x (x = 8–15) metallic glasses were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under continuous heating conditions. The apparent activation energy of glass transition rises monotonously with the Al content increasing; the activation energy of crystallization increases with Al changing from 8at% to 15at%, and then decreases with Al further up to 24at%, which exhibits a good correlation to the thermal stability and the glass-forming ability (GFA). The Zr₆₀Ni₂₅Al₁₅ metallic glass with the largest supercooled liquid region and GFA possesses the highest activation energy of crystallization. The relation between the thermal stability, GFA and activation energy of crystallization was discussed in terms of the primary precipitated phases.     

Programmable and autonomous computing machine made of biomolecules.

Devices that convert information from one form into another according to a definite procedure are known as automata. One such hypothetical device is the universal Turing machine, which stimulated work leading to the development of modern computers. The Turing machine and its special cases, including finite automata, operate by scanning a data tape, whose striking analogy to information-encoding biopolymers inspired several designs for molecular DNA computers. Laboratory-scale computing using DNA and human-assisted protocols has been demonstrated, but the realization of computing devices operating autonomously on the molecular scale remains rare. Here we describe a programmable finite automaton comprising DNA and DNA-manipulating enzymes that solves computational problems autonomously. The automaton's hardware consists of a restriction nuclease and ligase, the software and input are encoded by double-stranded DNA, and programming amounts to choosing appropriate software molecules. Upon mixing solutions containing these components, the automaton processes the input molecule via a cascade of restriction, hybridization and ligation cycles, producing a detectable output molecule that encodes the automaton's final state, and thus the computational result. In our implementation 1012 automata sharing the same software run independently and in parallel on inputs (which could, in principle, be distinct) in 120 microl solution at room temperature at a combined rate of 109 transitions per second with a transition fidelity greater than 99.8%, consuming less than 10-10 W.     

带有交货期窗口和工件可拒绝的单机排序问题(运筹学与控制论)

讨论了带有交货期窗口和工件可拒绝的单机排序问题﹐这一问题是将所有的工件分成两个集合﹐一个是被接受的工件集﹐一个是被拒绝的工件集。假设被接受的每个工件都有一个待定的交货期窗口﹐且所有工件的交货期窗口的大小是相同的﹐如果工件在窗口中完工﹐则不产生任何费用;否则工件提前或延误﹐会产生相应的提前或延误的费用。而对于拒绝工件而言﹐它的费用只与工件有关。这类问题的总费用是2个工件集的费用之和。目标函数是确定被接受工件的最优排序﹐极小化总费用﹐给出了一个动态规划算法﹐并证明了这个问题是多项式时间可解的。
     

Superconductivity in CaCuO2 as a result of field-effect doping.

Understanding the doping mechanisms in the simplest superconducting copper oxide-the infinite-layer compound ACuO2 (where A is an alkaline earth metal)-is an excellent way of investigating the pairing mechanism in high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors more generally. Gate-induced modulation of the carrier concentration to obtain superconductivity is a powerful means of achieving such understanding: it minimizes the effects of potential scattering by impurities, and of structural modifications arising from chemical dopants. Here we report the transport properties of thin films of the infinite-layer compound CaCuO2 using field-effect doping. At high hole- and electron-doping levels, superconductivity is induced in the nominally insulating material. Maximum values of Tc of 89 K and 34 K are observed respectively for hole- and electron-type doping of around 0.15 charge carriers per CuO2. We can explore the whole doping diagram of the CuO2 plane while changing only a single electric parameter, the gate voltage.     

公路沥青路面早期破坏的成因及防治初探

结合实际施工经验及一些调查资料，文章对沥青路面早期破坏的成因进行综合分析并提出了预防措施。     

Electrodeposited synthesis of self-supported Ni-P cathode for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen generation

One of the key challenges for electrochemical water splitting is the development of low-cost and efficient hydrogen evolution cathode. In this work, a self-supported Ni-P cathode was synthesized by a facile electrodeposition method. The composition and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Ni-P cathode performed low onset over-potential, good catalytic activity and long-term stability under neutral and alkaline conditions. The mechanism of Ni-P electrode for hydrogen production was discussed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The excellent performance of Ni-P cathode was mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of phosphate anions and the self-supported feature.     

基于设备的石化能效监测方法研究

根据国内石化行业生产过程中在能效监测上的现状,建立了能效监测体系架构,并根据该体系架构提出了基于设备的能效监测方法.利用该方法对石化行业中换热器、机泵设备建立了能效计算模型,并给出了每种设备在能效参数上的求解方法,通过对能源消耗的实时监测明确了能源消耗的去向,实现了能源的精细化管理,为后续能效评估打下了基础.