全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1405篇 |
免费 | 7篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 9篇 |
丛书文集 | 4篇 |
教育与普及 | 31篇 |
理论与方法论 | 1篇 |
现状及发展 | 623篇 |
研究方法 | 74篇 |
综合类 | 661篇 |
自然研究 | 25篇 |
出版年
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 37篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 55篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 80篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 23篇 |
1975年 | 32篇 |
1974年 | 20篇 |
1973年 | 28篇 |
1972年 | 19篇 |
1971年 | 44篇 |
1970年 | 35篇 |
1969年 | 31篇 |
1968年 | 37篇 |
1967年 | 33篇 |
1966年 | 33篇 |
1965年 | 22篇 |
1964年 | 16篇 |
1960年 | 9篇 |
1959年 | 14篇 |
1958年 | 24篇 |
1957年 | 21篇 |
1956年 | 13篇 |
排序方式: 共有1428条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Asteroid collisions in the main belt eject fragments that may eventually land on Earth as meteorites. It has therefore been a long-standing puzzle in planetary science that laboratory spectra of the most populous class of meteorite (ordinary chondrites, OC) do not match the remotely observed surface spectra of their presumed (S-complex) asteroidal parent bodies. One of the proposed solutions to this perplexing observation is that 'space weathering' modifies the exposed planetary surfaces over time through a variety of processes (such as solar and cosmic ray bombardment, micro-meteorite bombardment, and so on). Space weathering has been observed on lunar samples, in Earth-based laboratory experiments, and there is good evidence from spacecraft data that the process is active on asteroid surfaces. Here, we present a measurement of the rate of space weathering on S-complex main-belt asteroids using a relationship between the ages of asteroid families and their colours. Extrapolating this age-colour relationship to very young ages yields a good match to the colour of freshly cut OC meteorite samples, lending strong support to a genetic relationship between them and the S-complex asteroids. 相似文献
62.
63.
E. J. Zöllner G. Seibert H. Slor R. K. Zahn 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1981,37(6):548-550
Summary The purification procedure for a nuclease from human serum is described. It includes ammonium sulfate precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and on Sephacryl-S 200, and preparative electrophoresis. The enzyme, purified about 2000-fold, is homogeneous in a sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoretic system, where it has a mol. wt of 78,000. The pH optimum lies around pH 6.5; it is a sugar-nonspecific endonuclease.Acknowledgment. This work has been supported by a research grant from Stiftung Volkswagenwerk through the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz. We thank Mrs R. Nehrbass and Mrs C. Wolpert for technical assistance. 相似文献
64.
Zusammenfassung Antilipämische und blutgerinnungshemmende Wirkungen einer Gruppe halbsynthetischer Heparinoide wurdenin vivo undin vitro bestimmt. Sulfoniertes Saponin und sulfoniertes Tannin wiesen eine bedeutende antilipämische und eine schwache blutgerinnungshemmende Aktivität auf. Diese Stoffe beeinflussten auch die Elektrophorese der Lipoproteine in ähnlicher Weise wie Heparin. 相似文献
65.
66.
Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, dass die Aggregation der Bettwanzen (Cimex lectularius) durch einen von beiden Geschlechtern abgegebenen Versammlungsduft eingeleitet wird. Letzterer ist in Methylalkohol, aber nicht in Diäthyläther löslich, verdampft bei 32°C und lockt unbegattete sowie begattete Wanzen beider Geschlechter an. Die Lockreaktion ist von der Duftmenge abhängig und bleibt bei antennenlosen Wanzen aus. Die Stinkdrüsen gereizter, respektive verletzter Bettwanzen sondern Hex-2-en-1-al und Oct-2-en-1-al als Alarmduft ab, der die Zerstreuung der Wanzengruppen hervorruft. 相似文献
67.
Enzymes and receptors in the leukotriene cascade 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Leukotrienes are a family of paracrine hormones derived from the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. These lipid mediators
are recognized as important signal molecules in a variety of inflammatory and allergic conditions affecting the skin, joints,
gastrointestinal and respiratory systems, in particular asthma. Such conditions are typified by local pain, tissue edema,
hyperemia and functional losses. In the tissues, immunocompetent cells accumulate at the site of injury which contribute to
tissue damage and perpetuation of the disease process. Leukotrienes can elicit most, if not all, of these signs and symptoms.
Thus, leukotriene B4 is one of the most powerful chemotactic agents known to date and participates in the recruitment of leukocytes. The cysteinyl
leukotrienes, on the other hand, contract smooth muscles, particularly in the peripheral airways and microcirculation. Recently,
drugs which block the formation and action of leukotrienes have been introduced as novel antiasthmatic medications. This chapter
reviews the biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology of the key enzymes and cognate receptors in the leukotriene cascade. 相似文献
68.
Chemical investigation of hassium (element 108) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Düllmann ChE Brüchle W Dressler R Eberhardt K Eichler B Eichler R Gäggeler HW Ginter TN Glaus F Gregorich KE Hoffman DC Jäger E Jost DT Kirbach UW Lee DM Nitsche H Patin JB Pershina V Piguet D Qin Z Schädel M Schausten B Schimpf E Schött HJ Soverna S Sudowe R Thörle P Timokhin SN Trautmann N Türler A Vahle A Wirth G Yakushev AB Zielinski PM 《Nature》2002,418(6900):859-862
The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations from known trends in chemical properties. In the case of the first two transactinides, elements 104 and 105, relativistic effects do indeed influence their chemical properties, whereas elements 106 and 107 both behave as expected from their position within the periodic table. Here we report the chemical separation and characterization of only seven detected atoms of element 108 (hassium, Hs), which were generated as isotopes (269)Hs (refs 8, 9) and (270)Hs (ref. 10) in the fusion reaction between (26)Mg and (248)Cm. The hassium atoms are immediately oxidized to a highly volatile oxide, presumably HsO(4), for which we determine an enthalpy of adsorption on our detector surface that is comparable to the adsorption enthalpy determined under identical conditions for the osmium oxide OsO(4). These results provide evidence that the chemical properties of hassium and its lighter homologue osmium are similar, thus confirming that hassium exhibits properties as expected from its position in group 8 of the periodic table. 相似文献
69.
Advanced materials and processing techniques are based largely on the generation and control of non-homogeneous microstructures, such as precipitates and grain boundaries. X-ray tomography can provide three-dimensional density and chemical distributions of such structures with submicrometre resolution; structural methods exist that give submicrometre resolution in two dimensions; and techniques are available for obtaining grain-centroid positions and grain-average strains in three dimensions. But non-destructive point-to-point three-dimensional structural probes have not hitherto been available for investigations at the critical mesoscopic length scales (tenths to hundreds of micrometres). As a result, investigations of three-dimensional mesoscale phenomena--such as grain growth, deformation, crumpling and strain-gradient effects--rely increasingly on computation and modelling without direct experimental input. Here we describe a three-dimensional X-ray microscopy technique that uses polychromatic synchrotron X-ray microbeams to probe local crystal structure, orientation and strain tensors with submicrometre spatial resolution. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with micrometre-resolution three-dimensional measurements of grain orientations and sizes in polycrystalline aluminium, and with micrometre depth-resolved measurements of elastic strain tensors in cylindrically bent silicon. This technique is applicable to single-crystal, polycrystalline, composite and functionally graded materials. 相似文献
70.
Lee J Kim H Kahng SJ Kim G Son YW Ihm J Kato H Wang ZW Okazaki T Shinohara H Kuk Y 《Nature》2002,415(6875):1005-1008
Motivated by the technical and economic difficulties in further miniaturizing silicon-based transistors with the present fabrication technologies, there is a strong effort to develop alternative electronic devices, based, for example, on single molecules. Recently, carbon nanotubes have been successfully used for nanometre-sized devices such as diodes, transistors, and random access memory cells. Such nanotube devices are usually very long compared to silicon-based transistors. Here we report a method for dividing a semiconductor nanotube into multiple quantum dots with lengths of about 10nm by inserting Gd@C82 endohedral fullerenes. The spatial modulation of the nanotube electronic bandgap is observed with a low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscope. We find that a bandgap of approximately 0.5eV is narrowed down to approximately 0.1eV at sites where endohedral metallofullerenes are inserted. This change in bandgap can be explained by local elastic strain and charge transfer at metallofullerene sites. This technique for fabricating an array of quantum dots could be used for nano-electronics and nano-optoelectronics. 相似文献