喀斯特山地不同退化植被下烟管荚蒾氮同位素组成的季节变化

为探讨喀斯特灌木丛优势树种烟管荚蒾(Viburnum utile)叶片稳定氮同位素组成的季节变异特征及其影响因素,以喀斯特高原贵州省清镇市王家寨峰丛洼地小流域为例,选取流域内稀疏灌草丛、草灌丛、灌丛3种植被类型下的常绿树种烟管荚蒾为具体研究对象,分别在4月(生长初期)、7月(生长旺盛期)、9月(生长晚期)和12月(生长停滞期)对其叶片稳定氮同位素组成和N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素含量进行测定分析。结果表明:研究区烟管荚蒾叶片的δ~(15)N在不同群落间和不同坡位间均无显著差异(P0.05),群落间的变化趋势为灌丛稀疏灌草丛草灌丛,坡位间的变化趋势为中坡下坡上坡,变化范围为-3.28‰～-0.59‰,平均值为-2.22‰;烟管荚蒾叶片δ~(15)N值在不同群落中均表现出9月最负而12月最正的特征,变化趋势均为9月7月12月,但仅在草灌丛群落中的7月与12月间和9月与12月间有显著差异(P0.05),在其他群落中各月份间的差异均不显著(P0.05),同一生长期内不同群落间、不同坡位间的差异也不显著;研究区植被类型、坡位和季节对烟管荚蒾叶片δ~(15)N的交互影响均不显著,说明烟管荚蒾对生境恶劣的喀斯特环境具有特殊的适应能力;烟管荚蒾叶片的δ~(15)N与Fe、Mn含量密切相关,同时受N、P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn元素化学计量比的影响,说明其叶片δ~(15)N值的变化主要受自身氮生理代谢过程的控制;研究区9月温暖湿润和12月干旱寒冷的气候特征可能是导致烟管荚蒾叶片δ~(15)N在9月最负和12月最正的主要原因。     

Neuroglobin mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken

Globin protein family plays an important role in storing and transporting oxygen. As a newly reported globin, the revealed function of neuroglobin includes binding and storing oxygen as well as facilitating the utilization of oxygen in neuronal cells. In the present study, mutations in exons of chicken Ngb gene were identified with the method of sequencing and created restriction site PCR in Tibet chicken and other four lowland chicken breeds. The mutations of Lys-2224(E4)-Asn and Ser-2279(E4)-Gly were identified in exon 4 of the gene. The Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation existed only in Tibet chicken and the mutation frequencies increased with increasing altitude. Analysis of the haplotype and diplotype of the two mutations in Tibet chicken populations of different altitudes showed that the frequencies of TG haplotype and TTGG diplotype also increased with increasing altitude, while the reverse tendency was found on GGAA diplotype. Under the hypoxic simulation incubation, the main haplotype was TG in living embryos and GA in dead embryos. The results showed that the Lys-2224(E4)-Asn mutation may be a specific mutation associated with hypoxia adaptation in Tibet chicken.     

锯齿喷口参数对喷流噪声特性的影响

喷流噪声是主要的飞机噪声源之一,影响飞机的适航噪声水平和舱内乘坐舒适性。针对单涵冷喷流噪声,通过试验研究V形喷口几何参数,锯齿个数、锯齿长度、锯齿的嵌入角度等对噪声抑制效果的影响。研究发现:压比1.52和1.69时,增加锯齿的个数,可以有效地提高降噪水平;压比1.89时,增加锯齿个数增大了高频噪声的水平;增加锯齿的长度,并不能改善降噪效果。增加锯齿的嵌入角度,可以有效地降低中低频噪声,但高频噪声显著增加;在压比1.69和1.89时,锯齿喷口的噪声谱线中有幅值较高的驼峰,可能是锯齿诱导产生了高频激波造成的。     

Nanostructured TiO2（B）:the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,e.g.Li-ion batteries,that employ such electrodes.TiO2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent years.It offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized Li4Ti5O12.Bulk,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and studied.However,to date these materials have not be compared in one article.In the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical properties.Finally TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.     

SPAC法在海口江东新区新近纪-第四纪地层精细划分中的应用

微动探测技术作为一种新型的地球物理勘探方法,已成为工程地质勘察及隐伏地质构造探测的重要手段。本文基于微动探测SPAC法基本原理,选取研究区内121个微动测点及6个地质钻孔,比对单点S波速度结构与钻孔岩性结构,结果显示岩性界面探测精度在0.44%~5.54%之间,表明微动探测法划分岩性差异较大的地层界面是可靠的;结合二维视横波速度剖面识别出区内地层单元及隐伏地质构造,取得了较好的地质效果,为海口江东新区新近纪-第四纪地层单元划分提供数据支撑。     

冠醚与氯化汞的配合物的研究

氯化汞分别与冠醚 １８Ｃ６、ＤＢ ８Ｃ６和ＢＩ５Ｃ５在乙腈或甲醇溶液中进行反应，生成三种氯化汞冠醚配位化合物，通过溶点测定、元素分析、摩尔电导、红外吸收光谱和紫外吸收光谱等性质的研究，从而确定其配合物的配位类型和组成．这三种配合物的组成比均为１：１。     

搅拌槽液相吸附过程的数学模拟研究—粒内细孔扩散控制

分别利用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ、Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ和Ｆｒｉｔｚ－Ｓｃｈｌｕｎｄｅｒ３种等温吸附平衡关系，对粒内细孔扩散控制时的搅拌槽液相吸附动力学过程进行了数学模拟研究，同时指出：日本学者铃木基之和河添帮太朗等人在应用单点拟合法确定粒内有效细孔扩散系数Ｄｐ时，将无因次吸附时间等于１０视为吸附平衡时间是不合理的，并对此问题提出了相应的修正意见．     

准噶尔盆地东部石炭系优质火山岩储层特征及分布规律

为研究准噶尔盆地东部石炭系优质火山岩发育规律,通过野外踏勘、岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定、孔渗分析、测井及地震分析方法研究了火山岩储层特征及分布。结果表明：石炭系火山岩主要岩性岩相以溢流相安山岩、爆发相凝灰岩为主,其次为溢流相玄武岩、爆发相火山角砾岩;火山岩储层中气孔+溶蚀孔和溶蚀孔+裂缝型孔隙为有利的孔隙组合类型,溢流相玄武岩、安山岩和爆发相火山角砾岩储层物性最好,为优质储层发育岩性;优质火山岩储层发育受火山喷发环境、岩性岩相及后期构造改造综合控制,火山岩喷发环境决定了储集空间的发育程度与规模,水上喷发环境造成火山岩原生气孔较为发育,后期淋滤溶蚀改造较为强烈,因此水上喷发环境的火山岩储集性能要好于水下喷发环境;石炭系火山活动具有沿断裂呈串珠-中心式分布的特征,受到构造活动影响,靠近断裂的储层发育有大量的裂缝,对火山物性的改善至关重要,靠近断裂还可沟通烃源岩与储层,为后期有机酸溶蚀创造有利条件。可见准噶尔盆地东部石炭系火山岩油气勘探潜力巨大,火山岩储层中靠近断裂的水上近火山口爆发相和水下近火山口侵出相是最有利储层发育带,有利的火山岩区带主要分布在准噶尔盆地东部滴西地区、五彩湾地区和东部大井地...     

New-corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction

X-ray powder diffraction is an indispensable technique to study material structure, phase transition and so on. It is necessary for high quality diffraction data to get high-precision diffraction angle. This work proposed four corrected functions of X-ray powder diffraction angle. Two methods, linearization method and modified Levenberg-Marquardt iteration method, are given to solve the function parameters, and the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method has fast convergent speed and stable solution. Two methods can give closed parameters, including those of Lu, Liu, and Chu functions and polynomial. New-corrected functions were used to fit the diffraction angle error of the tetragonal rutile polycrystalline TiO2 mixed with Gd0.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 as a standard sample, and the computation result indicates that these functions can characterize the diffraction error very well. In some cases, the new-corrected functions can describe the diffraction angle error better than the reported corrected functions. At the same time, the lattice parameter of Gdo.45Y2.55Sc2Ga3O12 was computed with two methods. When the corrected function parameters and lattice parameters were solved by the least square method, the interaction of the function parameters and lattice parameters would result in great error. However, when the X-ray diffraction angles were corrected by corrected functions using a standard sample, the authentic lattice parameters can be obtained by the least square fitting.     

红耳鹎生态学的初步研究

本研究于1984——1991年间在广西的贺县,南宁、隆林等地进行。作者对红耳鹎在金钟山北坡四种林型中的分布数量作了调查,夏季在桂西金种山北坡的四种林型中,红耳鹎的分布数量以河谷农田稀树灌丛林最高,密度为1.13％ha。繁殖期为2～8月,雌鸟筑巢,窝卵数在2～4枚,以3枚居多,卵均重2.8(2.4～3.4)g平均大小为:15.7(15.2—16.0)mm×21.9(20.6～24.7)mm。仅雌鸟孵卵,孵化期约10～11天。卵孵化率为86.9％,巢中育雏期10～12天,双亲共同育雏,对其食性作了分析。植物性食物占64.8％,动物性食物占27.8％。