土工格栅在青藏铁路多年冻土区的应用

从土工格栅的工作原理出发,分析了在多年冻土区特殊路基中土工格栅加固过程.通过土工格栅在青藏铁路五道梁地区的应用实例,结合现场变形温度的监测,认为土工格栅对减小路基的沉降影响不大,但能有效地减小侧向变形,从而有效地减小纵向裂纹.采用商业数值计算软件ABAQUS,引入接触单元,模拟青藏铁路五道梁地区的加筋路基的温度、变形过程.数值模拟结果与实际测得的结果吻合,说明土工格栅在青藏铁路应用的合理性.     

基于分数布朗运动的脆弱欧式看涨期权的风险值分析

在股票价格、公司价值均服从分数布朗运动,公司负债为常数的条件下,讨论脆弱欧式股票看涨期权的风险价值(value at risk,VaR)和条件风险价值(conditional value at risk,CVaR)的计算问题,并推导了该期权的VaR和CVaR的计算公式.     

考虑管径拓展的管涌发展过程模拟

堤基管涌发展试验表明,在管涌通道发展过程中,通常是上游管径较小而下游管径较大,管道尖端土体颗粒比较松散.现有的堤基管涌发展模型采取单一管径处理方法模拟管涌通道发展过程,管涌发展过程中孔隙率保持不变,难以模拟通道侧向扩展特征.本文采用泥沙运动力学方法,考虑通道发展过程中的颗粒级配调整和孔隙率变化,使得管涌通道发展情况更加符合实际.数值模拟表明,改进后的模型能够刻画管涌通道发展中的管径变化、通道发展方向、流量大小和临界水头等主要特征.     

影响Wheatstone-Panum极限情况融合方式的因素

指出了Wheatstone-Panum极限情况的特征匹配方式究竟是双重融合还是唯一性融合一直存在争议.通过分析发现,Wheatstone-Panum极限情况的研究构型,实际上应分成两类,即Panum类和Wheatstone类,它们在视差梯度和特征搭配方式上存在差异.对这些差异的忽视,可能是导致相关研究得出结论不一致的原因.     

宜昌市近59年来的气候变化趋势分析

利用1951年9月～2010年8月宜昌站逐日气象资料,采用气候趋势系数、5a滑动平均法、累积距平和一元线性回归法对宜昌市近59年来的气候变化趋势特征进行了诊断分析,结果表明：宜昌市的年平均气温呈现上升趋势,年平均最低气温的上升速率高于年平均最高气温的上升速率,导致年平均日较差呈现下降的趋势;在季节变化上,除了夏季,其他季节都呈升高趋势,其中春季的上升趋势最为显著.年降水量呈现略微增加的趋势,冬季增加趋势较为显著.该成果对进一步研究和预测宜昌市的气候变化有着重要意义.     

物质点法在爆轰波碰撞炸药猛度试验中应用

使用常规有限元法对炸药爆轰过程进行数值计算时,网格大尺度畸变,往往导致求解精度低,甚至求解失败的情况.采用同时兼顾拉格朗日方法和欧拉方法优点的物质点法(MPM)对爆轰波碰撞炸药猛度试验进行数值计算,得出爆轰波碰撞过程及其在铅柱中传播的应力、应变分布.与试验结果进行对比得知,铅柱压缩误差仅为0.17%.由此验证了物质点法在炸药猛度试验应用中的准确性,为爆轰波传播、碰撞过程分析及炸药猛度测试提供了一种新方法.     

SO_4~(2-)/Au-TiO_2催化合成丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯

采用光还原沉积法制备了SO_4~(2-)/Au-TiO_2催化剂,考察了其在丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯合成反应中的催化活性。用XRD对催化剂结构进行了表征,结果显示催化剂经过酸化后的晶体结构并没有发生改变,Au颗粒均匀地分散在TiO_2表面。使用SO_4~(2-)/Au-TiO_2催化剂,以合成丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯为探针反应,研究了反应温度、酸醚物质的量比、催化剂用量对反应平衡转化率的影响。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为反应温度413 K,酸醚物质的量比3:1,催化剂用量3%(w)。     

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870℃ for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850℃, where grains with a diameter ≤ 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter >0.5 μm accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.     

Slip rate along the Lijiang-Ninglang fault zone estimated from repeating microearthquakes

Seismicity and slip rates along the Lijiang-Ninglang fault zone between 1999 and 2006 were investigated with the waveform data recorded by the Yunnan digital Seismic Network. The relocated seismicity by the double difference method clearly exhibits different features between the northern and southern segments. More than 76% earthquakes occurred in the southern segment of the fault near the Lijiang area. The relocated seismicity appears to reflect the crustal velocity structure of the study area. Using cross-correlation analysis, we identified a total of 92 doublets and 70 multiplets that show high waveform similarity. Most of these sequences are aperiodic with recurrence intervals varying from a few minutes to hundreds of days. Using two sequences that occurred regularly over the study period, we obtained a fault slip rate of approximately 5 mm/a at ∼23 km, in good agreement with geologic and surface GPS measurement. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB418405) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40174014)     

Endogenously generated amyloid β increases membrane fluidity in neural 2a cells

The effect of endogenously generated amyloid β on membrane fluidity was investigated in Neural 2a cells stably expressing Swedish mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPswe). Membrane fluidity was studied by fluorescence polarizability using 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-Hexatriene (DPH) as the fluorescence probe. It was found that the membrane fluidity in APPswe cells was significantly higher than that in its wild type counterparts. Alleviating the effect of amyloid β either by γ secretase activity inhibition or by amy...