基于局域表面等离子体共振特性的高灵敏度凝血酶检测

用核酸适体修饰的纳米金共振散射光谱探针可实现对微纳空间内凝血酶的特异性识别与检测.提出了一种基于局域表面等离子体共振-暗场显微光谱联用技术的分析方法,研究了局域在金纳米粒子表面的生物分子的识别过程对局域表面等离子体共振散射光谱的影响.研究了单颗粒纳米粒子的形貌特征,实现了单分子层面上生物分子识别过程的追踪.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长7油层组碳酸盐结核的特征及石油地质意义

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地南缘渭北地区上三叠统延长组长7油层组油页岩中的碳酸盐结核与优质烃源岩发育的关系.通过野外观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和碳、氧同位素等多种分析手段的研究,认为长7油层组灰岩和白云岩结核为成岩早期的产物,方解石和白云石圆球粒的形成时间较早,特征与藻类习性非常相似.δ13C明显重于晚三叠世δ13C的变化范围,表明碳酸盐结核的形成与产烷带微生物代谢活动引起的甲烷生成有关.结核中方解石、白云石圆球粒的形成可能是蓝细菌细胞方解石化或白云石化的结果.长7油层组中富含的碳酸盐结核指示其为优质的烃源岩,具有良好的生烃能力.     

新型改性水溶性生态土壤稳定剂的微观特性及固土机理分析

为揭示新型改性水溶性高分子材料(W-OH固化材料)的微观特性与生态固土机理,通过红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析、X射线粉末衍射、BET测试、扫描电镜等方法分析W-OH水溶液固化体和W-OH固化土体的微观结构及固土机理.结果表明:W-OH固化材料与W-OH水溶液固化体主要含有酰胺、烷基等官能团;不同体积浓度的W-OH水溶液固化体老化后的特征衍射峰位置、吸收峰强度基本一致.W-OH水溶液固化体中C、N、H元素质量含量随浓度增大而减少且随老化时间的增长而趋于稳定.W-OH水溶液固化体老化前后的起始失重温度分别为25℃和260℃.老化前后,不同体积浓度W-OH固化土体的比表面积与孔容变化趋势一致;随老化时间增加,比表面积增加但孔容变化不明显.W-OH固化土体中并没有产生新的官能团与矿物成分,只是与土体发生交联、吸附、絮凝等作用,达到加固土体的作用.     

深海石油钻采隔水管浮力材料的制备及其强度分析

隔水管系统是海洋石油钻采的重要技术装备,而浮力块是深水条件下钻井隔水管系统的必备部件。笔者使用碳纤维增强聚合物中空球,与环氧树脂、空心玻璃微珠以适当比例混合,采用真空浇注工艺制备3组分隔水管浮力材料,并采用有限元软件ANSYS对浮力块在不同的工况下进行强度分析。研究结果表明,浮力材料密度为500kg/m~3,压缩强度为60 MPa;浮力块最大变形发生在其自由端,其值为4.08mm;最大应力发生在与隔水管相邻的结构上,其值为50.02MPa。最大变形值和应力值均很小,所制备的隔水管浮力块强度满足3 000m水深以内钻采作业要求。     

两种酰胺基树脂对苯酚的吸附热力学

大孔交联氯甲基化聚苯乙烯分别与己内酰胺和尿素发生功能基化反应,合成了大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)和大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)树脂.测定了这两种酰胺基树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附等温线,发现所有的吸附等温线都符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,相关系数大于0.99;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中苯酚的吸附亲和性相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)更大.根据热力学函数关系计算了等量吸附焓、Gibbs吸附自由能和吸附熵.表明两种酰胺基树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附均为放热的、物理吸附过程;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中苯酚的吸附相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)有更低的吸附焓变、吸附自由能变和吸附熵变.     

黄化油菜Cr3529的光合特性和叶绿素荧光分析

以野生型油菜3529为对照,研究了黄化突变体油菜Cr3529的光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性.结果显示,幼苗期、初花期、盛花期Cr3529的净光合速率（Pn）均显著低于野生型,但青荚期角果的Pn与野生型的无显著差异;在各个时期,Cr3529胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及气孔导度（Gs）与野生型无显著差异,而其PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）均高于野生型;突变体的表观量子效率（AQY）较低,其光饱合点和光补偿点均高于野生型;两者功能叶片的Pn日变化均呈“双峰”曲线,但野生型“午休”程度较突变体弱;从叶绿素荧     

Applications of membrane distillation technology in energy transformation process-basis and prospect

Membrane distillation technology is a new type of efficient separation technology that combines traditional distillation technology and membrane separation technology. In the study, applications of membrane distillation technology in thermal engineering and refrigerating engineering with typical energy transformation process were presented. Desorption and regeneration process of saline solution by vacuum membrane distillation was proposed on the basis of the concentration and separation properties of membrane distillation. Membrane distillation technology could be used in lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, energy storage system, and the regeneration process of liquid desiccant solution in temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning system. The aim of the applications was to use the low-grade energy such as waste heat, solar energy and geothermal energy adequately and to improve the available temperature difference of heat source. According to latent heat transfer and thermal conduction across the membrane in direct contact membrane distillation process, a novel membrane heat exchanger with both heat transfer and mass transfer processes was proposed. The heat exchanger could be used as the solution heat exchanger of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system and as the special heat exchanger that recovered heat and pure water simultaneously. Some feasible process flows about the applications of membrane distillation technology to energy transformation process were listed and analyzed. Finally, future research emphases were indicated.     

Record of environmental change by α-cellulose δ13C of sphagnum peat at Shennongjia, 4000―1000 aBP

The Dajiuhu Basin at Shennongjia, located within typical East Asian Monsoon region, preserves a sub-alpine sphagnum peat deposition in its central area. The topmost 120 cm of the peat covers the last 4000 years according to AMS ^14C dating of pollen concentration. Carbon isotope of a-cellulose, extracted from sphagnum peat, provides a quantitative reconstruction of atmospheric relative humidity, based on transfer functions of C3 plants carbon isotopic fractionation equation and the bryophyte photosynthesis CO2 absorption rate equation. δ^13C, TOC and C/N variations reveal that the Dajiuhu area has experienced a long-term tendency to dry during 4000-1000 aBP, with a major transition happening around 3000 aBP. Four relative dry events are identified at 3400-3200, 3000-2600, 2200-2000 and 1600-1400 aBP, respectively, corresponding to those climate events documented in many global records. Three periodicities, 664 a, 302 a and 277 a enclosed in the atmospheric humidity of Dajiuhu are correlated to the cycles of solar activities. The weakening of East Asia summer monsoon during this period registered in the Dajiuhu peat is consistent with the synchronous weakening of Indian Monsoon. This trend may be attributed to gradual decrease of Northern Hemispheric summer solar insolation and the consequently southward migration of Intertropical Convergent Zone （ITCZ）.     

"分子合金"类普鲁士蓝配合物的磁性研究

合成了多金属普鲁士蓝类配合物Ni0.75Cu0.75[Fe(CN)6]·6.3H2O.变温磁化率表明:化合物中存在铁磁性交换相互作用,铁磁相变温度Tc=20 K,根据居里-外斯定律获到居里常数C=1.79 cm3·K·mol-1和顺磁居里温度θ=21.53 K.剩余磁化强度Mr的大小是0.9μB;矫顽场Hc为0.112 T,大于已报道的大多数氰根桥联的普鲁士蓝类配合物.研究还表明,该化合物存在自旋玻璃态现象.     

蕨根总黄酮提取工艺研究及其微量元素测定

采用正交试验对蕨根总黄酮的最佳提取工艺进行研究.结果表明,超声波乙醇提取蕨根总黄酮最佳工艺为乙醇浓度为60%,料液比1: 60,温度90℃,时间60 min.采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定蕨根中钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、铬和镍7种元素的含量.结果显示:其相对标准偏差为0.51%～2.3%,回收率为96.3%～104.0%.