定量构效关系研究中图论方法:路径长度指数P_1与烷烃~(13)C NMR化学位移和CSS

系统研究了图论方法在定量构效(性)关系(QSAR/QSPR)中的应用,研究了一种路径长度新的指数P_1,并发现它与烷烃~(13)CNMR化学位移和有良好线性相关性。     

Improvement in the mechanical properties of Al/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by severe plastic deformation and friction stir processing

Severely deformed aluminum sheets were processed by friction stir processing (FSP) with SiC nanoparticles under different conditions to improve the mechanical properties of both the stir zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ). In the case of using a simple probe and the same rotational direction (RD) of the FSP tool between passes, at least three FSP passes were required to obtain the appropriate distribution of nanoparticles. However, after three FSP passes, fracture occurred outward from the stir zone during transverse tensile tests; thus, the strength of the specimen was significantly lower than that of the severely deformed base material because of the softening phenomenon in the HAZ. To improve the mechanical properties of the HAZ, we investigated the possibility of achieving an appropriate distribution of nanoparticles using fewer FSP passes. The results indicated that using the threaded probe and changing the RD of the FSP tool between the passes effectively shattered the clusters of nanoparticles and led to an acceptable distribution of SiC nanoparticles after two FSP passes. In these cases, fracture occurred at the HAZ with higher strength compared to the specimen processed using three FSP passes with the same RD between the passes and with the simple probe. The fracture behaviors of the processed specimens are discussed in detail.     

Crustal strain field in central japan, based on the wavelet analyzed GPS time-series data

In order to estimate the secular crustal deformation in central Japan, we adopted the wavelet technique to find and remove the data discontinuities associated with earthquakes and artificial errors, and also remove seasonal variations and white noises in the GPS time series data of daily co-ordinates obtained from the continuous GPS network, GEONET of GSI. The strain components were computed based on least-squares prediction method by using improved time series data.The motion velocities of GPS sites at uniform 7 km × 7 km grids were interpolated by adopting the empirical covariance function and then differentiated with respect to space to estimate strain rates.The estimated strain field shows that there existed a compressive regime in the entire region. Higher maximum shear strain rates of about 0.2 microstrain/a are shown in and around the Izu and Boso peninsulas, and Tokyo Bay. Relatively high maximum shear strain rates are also shown in the southern Tohoku district and another notable area along the coast of the Japan Sea,which nearly corresponds to the Shinanogawa seismic zone.     

稀土离子对TaqTMDNA聚合酶的抑制机理

在PCR扩增水平上研究了La^ 3和Ce^ 3对Taq^TMDNA聚合酶的抑制机理,采用动态荧光比色法测定PCR扩增产物浓度，证明了La^ 3和Ce^ 3在10～50μmol／L抑制DNA复制是由于其抑制了Taq^TMDNA聚合酶的活性所致,且该抑制属竞争性的抑制，得到了La^ 3和Ce^ 3对Taq^TMDNA聚合酶的抑制常数分别为12．7μmol／L和14．4μmol／L。     

普通成年人在完成运动负荷试验时的心肺功能变化

探讨不同性别各年龄段普通成年人在运动至“力竭”时的心肺功能变化的特点，并就心率、运动时间等指标与运动至“力竭”时吸氧量的关联进行分析．结果表明各项测试指标分布均显示出明显的性别年龄特征；运动时间、心率、工作能力、吸氧量均随年龄的增长而下降；男性在运动时间、工作能力、吸氧量等指标上高于女性．运动至力竭时所需时间与氧量之间显示出高度的相关．     

焊接结构三维热变形的有限元模拟

采用三热弹塑性有限元法对焊接过程中的动态应力及焊后的残余应力和变形进行了数值模拟，探讨了焊接时力学行为的特点和提高解的精度和收敛性的途径，并介绍了若干成功的应用实例。     

Neuronal correlate of visual associative long-term memory in the primate temporal cortex

In human long-term memory, ideas and concepts become associated in the learning process. No neuronal correlate for this cognitive function has so far been described, except that memory traces are thought to be localized in the cerebral cortex; the temporal lobe has been assigned as the site for visual experience because electric stimulation of this area results in imagery recall and lesions produce deficits in visual recognition of objects. We previously reported that in the anterior ventral temporal cortex of monkeys, individual neurons have a sustained activity that is highly selective for a few of the 100 coloured fractal patterns used in a visual working-memory task. Here I report the development of this selectivity through repeated trials involving the working memory. The few patterns for which a neuron was conjointly selective were frequently related to each other through stimulus-stimulus association imposed during training. The results indicate that the selectivity acquired by these cells represents a neuronal correlate of the associative long-term memory of pictures.     

Top-down signal from prefrontal cortex in executive control of memory retrieval.

Knowledge or experience is voluntarily recalled from memory by reactivation of the neural representations in the cerebral association cortex. In inferior temporal cortex, which serves as the storehouse of visual long-term memory, activation of mnemonic engrams through electric stimulation results in imagery recall in humans, and neurons can be dynamically activated by the necessity for memory recall in monkeys. Neuropsychological studies and previous split-brain experiments predicted that prefrontal cortex exerts executive control upon inferior temporal cortex in memory retrieval; however, no neuronal correlate of this process has ever been detected. Here we show evidence of the top-down signal from prefrontal cortex. In the absence of bottom-up visual inputs, single inferior temporal neurons were activated by the top-down signal, which conveyed information on semantic categorization imposed by visual stimulus-stimulus association. Behavioural performance was severely impaired with loss of the top-down signal. Control experiments confirmed that the signal was transmitted not through a subcortical but through a fronto-temporal cortical pathway. Thus, feedback projections from prefrontal cortex to the posterior association cortex appear to serve the executive control of voluntary recall.     

《历象考成》中的太阳运动论

西方的地心体系（包括第谷的体系）基本上对太阳用了“简单偏心圆模型”．关于西方天文学的早期中国官方著作中。《新法算书》对太阳用了“简单偏心圆模型”,但是《历象考成》对太阳用了与“‘对点’模型”一样结果的“双‘本轮’模型”．