基于自然驾驶数据的高速公路出口区换道风险模型

依托上海自然驾驶实验数据,提取高速公路出口区的交通流特性数据和驾驶行为样本.以单向四车道高速公路出口为例,考虑不同道路交通环境和出匝换道路径因素,基于比例优势模型构建高速公路出口区换道风险模型.在该模型基础上生成换道风险图谱,解析高速公路出口区换道风险分布特征,为车流控制管理提供理论决策支持.     

短期捕食胁迫对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼行为特征的影响

【目的】考查短期非致命性捕食胁迫对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼行为特征的影响。【方法】将体质量为(5.42±0.23)g的中华倒刺鲃幼鱼随机分为捕食组和对照组,分别在有、无捕食胁迫存在情况下驯化25d,随后分别测定了两组实验鱼的活跃性、探索性、勇敢性、觅食行为以及偏好行为。【结果】相比对照组,捕食组表现出更高的活跃性和探索性,以及更低的勇敢性,且有关差异均具统计学意义(p0.05),而捕食组与对照组的觅食行为与偏好行为的差异无统计学意义。【结论】短期捕食胁迫使中华倒刺鲃的活跃性和探索性明显提高,提示中华倒刺鲃可能通过增加对捕食者的探索行为和维持较高的活跃性来应对短期捕食胁迫,这种较为积极的行为策略可能与此种鱼较强的运动能力有关。捕食胁迫未对中华倒刺鲃的觅食行为和偏好行为产生明显影响。在非致命性捕食胁迫下,中华倒刺鲃维持觅食以保障生长可能是为了确保低捕食强度下的长期生存。     

地铁区间隧道盾构掘进下穿运营隧道保护技术

依托苏州地铁3号线金鸡湖西站至东方之门站区间下穿1号线工程,为防止3号线下穿1号线引起1号线轨道下沉,减少沉降对车辆运营的安全影响,提出了加装防脱护轨和行车控制的保护措施,并给出了防脱护轨加装范围及其详细的安装工艺,经现场监测验证了技术的可行性,为今后类似工程提供指导。     

冻融循环作用下秸秆纤维加筋土抗压强度试验研究

通过室内无侧限抗压试验,分析纤维掺量和冻融循环次数两个因素对棉花秸秆纤维加筋土强度的影响规律,研究冻融循环作用对纤维加筋土强度的影响。试验结果表明:土体中掺入纤维能有效提高土体的抗压强度,明显改善土体的软化程度;加筋土无侧限抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加呈指数下降趋势,经历5次冻融后,强度下降幅度最大;通过将不同加筋率的纤维土与冻融循环次数进行拟合,建立两者之间的半经验公式,为纤维加筋土的实际工程应用奠定理论基础。     

烟叶烘烤技术研究进展与智能烘烤技术展望

人工智能技术的发展、物联网技术的普及以及无数烟草研究人员的基础研究为烟草农业现代化、智能化提供了有力的技术支撑和宝贵经验,将烟叶烘烤由人的主导转为机器智能控制这一问题的研究条件已然成熟.本文阐述了当前鲜烟叶素质判断技术、烘烤工艺匹配技术以及自动化烘烤技术的研究进展,并设想了烟叶智能烘烤技术要解决的问题,旨在为实现烟叶烘烤智能化提供研究思路.     

深度优先局部聚合哈希

已有的深度监督哈希方法不能有效地利用提取到的卷积特征,同时,也忽视了数据对之间相似性信息分布对于哈希网络的作用,最终导致学到的哈希编码之间的区分性不足.为了解决该问题,提出了一种新颖的深度监督哈希方法,称之为深度优先局部聚合哈希(Deep Priority Local Aggregated Hashing,DPLAH).DPLAH将局部聚合描述子向量嵌入到哈希网络中,提高网络对同类数据的表达能力,并且通过在数据对之间施加不同权重,从而减少相似性信息分布倾斜对哈希网络的影响.利用Pytorch深度框架进行DPLAH实验,使用NetVLAD层对Resnet18网络模型输出的卷积特征进行聚合,将聚合得到的特征进行哈希编码学习.在CI-FAR-10和NUS-WIDE数据集上的图像检索实验表明,与使用手工特征和卷积神经网络特征的非深度哈希学习算法的最好结果相比,DPLAH的平均准确率均值要高出11％,同时,DPLAH的平均准确率均值比非对称深度监督哈希方法高出2％.     

Coupling effect of the conductivities of Li ions and electrons by introducing LLTO@C fibers in the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode

To probe the coupling effect of the electron and Li ion conductivities in Ni-rich layered materials(LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2,NCA),lithium lanthanum titanate(LLTO)nanofiber and carbon-coated LLTO fiber(LLTO@C)materials were introduced to polyvinylidene difluoride in a cathode.The enhancement of the conductivity was indicated by the suppressed impedance and polarization.At 1 and 5 C,the cathodes with coupling conductive paths had a more stable cycling performance.The coupling mechanism was analyzed based on the chemical state and structure evolution of NCA after cycling for 200 cycles at 5 C.In the pristine cathode,the propagation of lattice damaged regions,which consist of high-density edge-dislocation walls,destroyed the bulk integrity of NCA.In addition,the formation of a rock-salt phase on the surface of NCA caused a capacity loss.In contrast,in the LLTO@C modified cathode,although the formation of dislocation-driven atomic lattice broken regions and cation mixing occurred,they were limited to a scale of several atoms,which retarded the generation of the rock-salt phase and resulted in a pre-eminent capacity retention.Only NiO phase“pitting”occurred.A mechanism based on the synergistic transport of Li ions and electrons was proposed.     

Dynamic mass variation and multiphase interaction among steel,slag, lining refractory and nonmetallic inclusions: Laboratory experiments and mathematical prediction

The mass transfer among the multiphase interactions among the steel, slag, lining refractory, and nonmetallic inclusions during the refining process of a bearing steel was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical kinetic prediction. Experiments on the system with and without the slag phase were carried out to evaluate the influence of the refractory and the slag on the mass transfer. A mathematical model coupled the ion and molecule coexistence theory, coupled-reaction model, and the surface renewal theory was established to predict the dy-namic mass transfer and composition transformation of the steel, the slag, and nonmetallic inclusions in the steel. During the refining process, Al2O3 inclusions transformed into MgO inclusions owing to the mass transfer of [Mg] at the steel/refractory interface and (MgO) at the slag/re-fractory interface. Most of the aluminum involved in the transport entered the slag and a small part of the aluminum transferred to lining re-fractory, forming the Al2O3 or MgO·Al2O3. The slag had a significant acceleration effect on the mass transfer. The mass transfer rate (or the re-action rate) of the system with the slag was approximately 5 times larger than that of the system without the slag. In the first 20 min of the re-fining, rates of magnesium mass transfer at the steel/inclusion interface, steel/refractory interface, and steel/slag interface were x, 1.1x, and 2.2x, respectively. The composition transformation of inclusions and the mass transfer of magnesium and aluminum in the steel were predicted with an acceptable accuracy using the established kinetic model.     

用于高性能超级电容器的基于蚕沙的二氧化锰/碳纳米复合材料

MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction. Silkworm excrement acted as a carbon precursor, which was activated by ZnCl₂ and FeCl₃ combining chemical agents under Ar atmosphere. Thin and flower-like MnO₂ nanowires were in-situ anchored on the surface of the biomass carbon. The biomass carbon not only offered high conductivity and good structural stability but also relieved the large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process. The obtained MnO₂/biomass carbon nanocomposite electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance (238 F·g?1 at 0.5 A·g?1) and a superior cycling stability with only 7% degradation after 2000 cycles. The observed good electrochemical performance is accredited to the materials’ high specific surface area, multilevel hierarchical structure, and good conductivity. This study proposes a promising method that utilizes biological waste and broadens MnO₂-based electrode material application for next-generation energy storage and conversion devices.     

低轨星座导航增强能力研究与仿真

低轨卫星星座具有几何图形变化快、落地信号功率强、全球天基监测覆盖等天然优势,可对中高轨全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)星座进行有效补充和增强,提升全球定位、导航与授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)服务的精度、完好性、可用性和抗干扰等能力,已成为下一代卫星导航系统重要的发展方向.本文总结了国内外低轨星座发展现状,对不同低轨星座进行了分析和设计,对低轨星座提升导航定位精度、加速精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)收敛、全球天基监测等导航增强能力进行了分析,重点论证了低轨星座突破现有中高轨GNSS技术瓶颈的机遇和体系增量能力,给出了相应的仿真分析结果,以期对我国低轨星座和北斗卫星导航系统的融合发展提供参考和建议.