改良AAO工艺处理低浓度碳源废水的优化分析

以广州某污水处理厂的低碳源废水运行为例,探讨了位于北回归线以南气候为亚热带季风气候区域的改良AAO工艺在低碳源进水条件下的优化条件,在尽量避免另加碳源的情况下,通过工艺优化,可以确保正常处理效果。采用多点进水改良的A²/O工艺取得了较好的脱氮除磷效果,说明了在传统A²/O工艺厌氧池前增加预缺氧池,而且经过预处理的污水多点分配进入生化池,可以在低碳源条件下,优化生物脱氮除磷效果。研究结果表明,在利用内碳源条件下改良AAO工艺的污泥龄取19天,内回流率取130%,外回流率取80%,出水能稳定达标。试验结果为采用改良AAO工艺的污水处理厂在高原环境下运行提供了参考数据,也可为低碳源情况下污水厂升级改造设计时进行参考。     

海螺沟地质公园低碳旅游开发模式探讨

在全球性气候变暖的背景下,冰川消融已成为人类面临的重大环境问题。海螺沟冰川是我国典型的季风海洋性冰川,也是世界范围内最完整的山岳冰川,具有高度的观赏性和科研性。据观察,近百年来该冰川表现出持续消融的状态,保护已迫在眉睫。从规模、结构及分布3个方面论述了海螺沟冰川的地质特征,并探讨了冰川的形成和物质平衡的条件。根据温度、海拔以及表面覆盖物质成份3项对冰川消融起主要作用的因子,针对海螺沟冰川消融的严峻现状和冰川地质遗迹开发和保护具体情况,提出低碳旅游产品开发方案与保护建议。     

基于TAC方法分析离子液体萃取催化乙酸甲酯和丁醇转酯反应

基于年总成本（TAC）分析方法，对离子液体萃取催化乙酸甲酯和丁醇转酯反应的工艺流程进行了模拟。以年总成本最低为目标，探索了经济最优时的精馏塔压力、精馏塔塔板数和进料位置。结果表明，当反应精馏塔的压力为80.8kPa、塔板数为37、丁醇和乙酸甲酯分别从第10块和第35块塔板进料时，年总成本最低。采用新设计工艺可节约成本24.4%，而甲醇和乙酸丁酯的产品纯度仍然保持在97.4%和99.6%以上，为实际反应工艺的节能优化提供了有价值的理论依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地NL油田延9流动单元研究

从国内外流动单元研究现状出发,结合研究区实际的岩心、地质、测井和生产动态资料,根据流动带指标和岩性-物性划分法划分流动单元.研究中遵循单井、剖面到平面的思路,开展了流动单元特征参数优选、取心井流动单元分析、非取心井的流动单元划分工作.运用动态资料验证流动单元划分的合理性,进行了流动单元剖面、平面特征研究及流动单元生产能力分析.研究表明,所选用的渗透率、孔隙度和流动层带指标IFZ3个参数可满足本区流动单元划分要求,研究区延9储层流动单元可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类.     

工程监理委托代理关系中激励约束 与参与约束的研究

基于委托－代理理论对工程监理委托－代理关系中的激励约束与参与约束进行若干拓展研究,与参 与约束（IR）相比,激励相容约束（IC）更为重要,一个机制不满足激励约束,那将是一个无效机制。业主想要 提高工程监理制度的运作效率,就必须通过相应的激励措施诱使工程师努力工作,使“道德风险”得以抑制, 为我国工程监理制度的健康发展提供了有益的启示。     

复合絮凝剂应用于废水重金属去除效率的因素影响及其动力学研究

对PAC＋PAM复合絮凝剂应用于废水重金属去除效率的因素影响及其动力学进行了研究,通过考察PAC投加量、PAM投加量、PAC及PAM复合絮凝剂作用时最佳投加量、pH值、反应时间等因素对该实验室废水中铜的去除率影响,确定了反应的最佳条件,在此条件下铜的去除率可达96.7%。     

柴油机EGR温度的智能控制策略

利用改进的BP神经网络算法,建立了样本柴油机排气温度的神经网络模型,通过柴油机台架实验采集柴油机转速、负荷、油耗、排气温度等参数作为神经网络模型学习样本,使用实验数据对所建立模型进行训练,并对该神经网络模型进行了误差分析,结果表明,所建神经网络模型反映了实验样机的排气温度变化规律,在测试数据范围内,排气温度辨识误差小于...     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.     

Preparation of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous perovskite materials

In this paper,we use La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 as examples to demonstrate a preparation method for threedimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) perovskite thermochromic materials.Polystyrene spheres with an average diameter of 220 nm were self-assembled into a three-dimensionally ordered colloidal crystal template.A mixed metal nitrate solution prepared using La(NO3) 3·6H2O,Ca(NO3) 2·4H2O,Sr(NO3) 2,Mn(CH3COO) 2·4H2O and an ethanol precursor was used to fill the interstitial voids of the polystyrene colloidal crystal templates.3DOM La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.2Sr0.1MnO3 materials were then obtained after the sphere templates were removed via drying and calcination.The results show that the framework of the 3DOM materials can have different thicknesses and pore shrinkage rates by varying the filling times.In addition,the Curie temperatures of the 3DOM and bulk La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 materials can be varied by altering the preparation method.     

非自治吊桥方程的一致吸引子

作者讨论了非自治吊桥面方程的长时间动力学行为.通过应用一些新的结果和能量估计技巧,获得了能量的一致衰退估计.当外力项f满足条件（C*）（而非平移紧）时,作者证明了一致吸引子在H20（Ω）×L2(Ω)上的存在性,此结果推广和改进了一些已有结果.