“黑麦草-水稻”草田轮作系统的根际效应 Ⅱ.冬种黑麦草对土壤物理化学性状的影响

研究了冬种黑麦草对土壤物理化学性状的影响．结果表明,冬种黑麦草使土壤容质量下降９．４％,而对照区仅下降４．０％;冬种黑麦草使土壤有机质质量分数提高了６６％,而对照区降低了１４％;冬种黑麦草使土壤的全Ｎ,全Ｐ和有效Ｎ,有效Ｐ的质量分数分别提高了２６％,３２％,６７％和３３％,而对照区下降了１３％,４％,２０％和１３％;冬种黑麦草使土壤的全Ｋ和有效Ｋ质量分数提高了１４％和７８％,对照区也提高了１０％和１０％;种草区虽然土壤养分的增加与施肥有关,但有效Ｎ和Ｋ的增加显然还受到根际效应的影响,其证据是：在种草区,尽管土壤中的Ｎ通过收获黑麦草产生了较大的净输出（２８．０ｇ／ｍ２）,但土壤Ｎ含量仍然有不寻常的增加,说明可能存在着不明Ｎ源．２种养分有效含量的增幅比全量的增幅更大．从收获的黑麦草中发现土壤有Ｎ的净输出,可能是由于冬种黑麦草有不明来源的Ｎ素积累．     

链条锅炉模糊控制研究

针对链条锅炉的运行特点,提出一套基于模糊控制理论的链条锅炉控制方案。链条锅炉滞后时间长、惯性大,采用传统控制方法控制效果不理想,但采用模糊控制方法可以取得良好的控制效果。本控制系统由负荷控制和燃烧控制子系统构成。控制系统通过调节供入的燃料量和合理组织炉内燃烧,提高了锅炉的运行效率。针对不同的调节对象,分别设计了不同的模糊控制器,改善了控制系统的整体控制效果。该系统已经成功地应用于北京市德宝锅炉房。     

核酶的化学合成及其对烟草花叶病毒RNA片段的体外剪切

设计并用化学方法合成了针对烟草花叶病毒ＲＮＡ的核酶ＲＺ－１及ＲＺ－１小型化的核酶ＲＺ－２以及它们的底物ＲＮＡ片段Ｓｂ,研究了两种核酶对底物Ｓｂ的体外催化活性,并把核酶Ｒｚ－１与生物合成的相同组成的核酶Ｒｚ－１’进行了比较试验。     

美东地区罗德河流域地下水中铝形态分布的化学平衡模式计算

美东地区的罗德河流域遭受着严重的酸沉降侵蚀．在酸性条件下,铝从土壤中大量溶解并迁移到水环境中．地表水中升高的铝浓度对鱼类产生毒害,监测地表水和土壤水中的铝形态及浓度变化已成为问题的关键．本文报导了用化学平衡模式计算法分析美东地区罗德河流域地下水中的铝形态分布,获得了有价值的结论     

A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

The seeding of an expanse of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with low concentrations of dissolved iron triggered a massive phytoplankton bloom which consumed large quantities of carbon dioxide and nitrate that these microscopic plants cannot fully utilize under natural conditions. These and other observations provide unequivocal support for the hypothesis that phytoplankton growth in this oceanic region is limited by iron bioavailability.     

The use of cyclophosphamide as an enhancer of the vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease

The immunization of biungulate animals with killed foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) requires periodic vaccinations due to a low vaccine immunogenicity. Therefore, FMDV antigens need to be combined with adjuvants such as aluminum hydroxide, saponin or oil emulsions. Animal handling for periodic inoculations, and the repeated doses of vaccines that have to be administered increase the commercialization costs. Moreover, the use of adjuvants may induce adverse effects.In the present work we show that it is possible to increase the life span of neutralizing antibodies in serum when a single dose of cyclophosphamide (Cy) is administered four days before vaccination with aluminum hydroxidesaponin FMDV vaccine.     

Cyclophosphamide-impaired regulation of hepatic heme metabolism

Summary Im male rats hepatic cytochromes b₅ and P-450 were reduced at different times after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) (200 mg/kg i.p. for 3 days). In contrast, microsomal heme did not change until 48 h after the last dose of CP, leading to accumulation of heme in a non-cytochromal form. Parallel to the above changes the heme metabolism showed derangement: -aminolaevulinate synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, was depressed and heme oxygenase, the enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme, was increased.     

Oxygen consumption in rat skeletal muscle at various rates of oxygen delivery

Summary Resting oxygen consumption of the vascularly isolated gracilis anticus muscle of the rat perfused by natural circulation via the femoral artery with diluted or undiluted blood depends on oxygen delivery (the product of flow rate and arterial oxygen concentration-DO₂) only when DO₂ falls below 16 l/min/g.     

High-affinity binding ofβ-alanine to cerebral synaptosomes might involve glycine-receptors

Summary High-affinity, Na⁺-independent binding of -alanine to a synaptosomal fraction of rat brain was potently inhibited by glycine and by some other -amino acids, but not by taurine or GABA. This binding mechanism, which was also sensitive to both bicuculline and strychnine, might involve synaptic receptors for both -alanine and glycine.This study was supported in part by Centro Ramón y Cajal and Fundacion Juan March.     

Trichinella spiralis: acceleration and inhibition of cyst calcification in rats.

Daily administration of vitamin D3 (75,000 IU/kg b. wt) for 7 days accelerated Trichinella spiralis cyst calcification in rats with a 14-week-old infection. When disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered (50 mg/kg b. wt) from 2 days before until 2 days after vitamin D3 treatment, cyst calcification was inhibited. Thus, the ability to inhibit E. spiralis calcification has demonstrated for the first time.