Synthesis of novel chiral bisoxazoline ligands with a spiro[4,4]-1,6-nonadiene skeleton

A new type of chiral bisoxazoline ligands 1 based on spiro[4,4]-1,6-nonadiene backbone was easily prepared in six steps from racemic spiro[4,4]-nonane-1,6-dione, with the Pd-catalyzed coupling of the enol triflates with CO and amino alcohols as the key steps for the construction of the oxazoline moiety. The structure of the ligand (R,S,S)-1b was unambiguously established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The chiral Cu(II) complex generated in situ from the combination of spiro bisoxazoline ligand (S,S,S)- 1c and Cu(OTf)₂ was effective in the catalysis of asymmetric chlorination of the β-ketoester, methyl 1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H- in-dene-2-carboxylate, affording the corresponding chlorinated derivative in 99% yield with 17% ee.     

地区级城市环境管理信息系统的设计

遵循一般ＭＩＳ系统设计的原理,着重针对区域环境管理的业务体系,充分利用ＧＩＳ与一般ＭＩＳ的特点,提出了在大型网环境下,地区级城市环保管理信息系统设计的概念,分析了系统应具备的主要模块,分析功能,软硬件的配置状况及数据库建立的过程,以大连市为例,建立了一套适用于地区级城市的环境管理信息系统。     

Generalized inverse eigenvalue problem for (<Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Q</Emphasis>)-conjugate matrices and the associated approximation problem

In this paper, the generalized inverse eigenvalue problem for the (P,Q)-conjugate matrices and the associated approximation problem are discussed by using generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD). Moreover, the least residual problem of the above generalized inverse eigenvalue problem is studied by using the canonical correlation decomposition (CCD). The solutions to these problems are derived. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the main results.     

Topological analysis of methane lean premixed flame in turbulent jet flow by direct numerical simulation

Direct numerical simulation is employed to investigate the premixed jet flame of methane in lean, combined with a detailed chemical kinetics including 17 species and 58 elemental steps and distinct Lewis numbers. Cold methane-air mixture at 0.55 equivalence ratio is injected into the coflow area with 9500 Reynolds number. The coflow ambient gas is set to be the burnt gas of the methane-air mixture in main jet and temperature is assigned to be the corresponding adiabatic flame temperature 1515 K. The whole s...     

Structural basis of family-wide Rab GTPase recognition by rabenosyn-5

Rab GTPases regulate all stages of membrane trafficking, including vesicle budding, cargo sorting, transport, tethering and fusion. In the inactive (GDP-bound) conformation, accessory factors facilitate the targeting of Rab GTPases to intracellular compartments. After nucleotide exchange to the active (GTP-bound) conformation, Rab GTPases interact with functionally diverse effectors including lipid kinases, motor proteins and tethering complexes. How effectors distinguish between homologous Rab GTPases represents an unresolved problem with respect to the specificity of vesicular trafficking. Using a structural proteomic approach, we have determined the specificity and structural basis underlying the interaction of the multivalent effector rabenosyn-5 with the Rab family. The results demonstrate that even the structurally similar effector domains in rabenosyn-5 can achieve highly selective recognition of distinct subsets of Rab GTPases exclusively through interactions with the switch and interswitch regions. The observed specificity is determined at a family-wide level by structural diversity in the active conformation, which governs the spatial disposition of critical conserved recognition determinants, and by a small number of both positive and negative sequence determinants that allow further discrimination between Rab GTPases with similar switch conformations.     

Ipr1 gene mediates innate immunity to tuberculosis

An estimated eight million people are infected each year with the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and more than two million die annually. Yet only about 10% of those infected develop tuberculosis. Genetic variation within host populations is known to be significant in humans and animals, but the nature of genetic control of host resistance to tuberculosis remains poorly understood. Previously we mapped a new genetic locus on mouse chromosome 1, designated sst1 (for supersusceptibility to tuberculosis 1). Here we show that this locus mediates innate immunity in sst1 congenic mouse strains and identify a candidate gene, Intracellular pathogen resistance 1 (Ipr1), within the sst1 locus. The Ipr1 gene is upregulated in the sst1 resistant macrophages after activation and infection, but it is not expressed in the sst1 susceptible macrophages. Expression of the Ipr1 transgene in the sst1 susceptible macrophages limits the multiplication not only of M. tuberculosis but also of Listeria monocytogenes and switches a cell death pathway of the infected macrophages from necrosis to apoptosis. Our data indicate that the Ipr1 gene product might have a previously undocumented function in integrating signals generated by intracellular pathogens with mechanisms controlling innate immunity, cell death and pathogenesis.     

EGR涡轮增压柴油机的进气未燃空气质量分数估计

为解决车用EGR涡轮增压柴油机进气未燃空气质量分数无法直接测量的问题,提出了一种估计未燃空气质量分数的方法.在构建高压回路EGR涡轮增压柴油机动态模型的基础上,设计了EGR流量的高增益观测器,为进气歧管未燃空气质量分数的准确估计奠定基础;基于进排气歧管未燃空气质量分数的动态方程,设计了柴油机未燃空气质量分数的全维状态观测器,并基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,对设计的观测器进行了稳定性分析.分析结果表明,设计的观测器是一渐近稳定系统,可以用于对未燃空气质量分数进行估计.利用GT-Power仿真数据以及试验数据对设计的EGR流量观测器和未燃空气质量分数观测器进行验证.结果表明,设计的观测器能够对参数进行准确估计,估计误差在3%以内,满足柴油机控制系统的需求.      

基于Minkowski泛函和K-means聚类算法的岩石类型划分

数字岩心技术的发展和计算科学、物理学、统计学、油藏工程等多学科的交叉融合,为基于数字岩心图像的岩石类型的精细划分提供了一种新的方法。基于micro-CT物理法成像处理后获得的砂岩数字岩心图像,运用闵可夫斯基泛函作为基于数字岩心图像的岩石物性特征的综合表征参数;并结合K-means聚类算法,可以达到基于数字岩心图像的岩石类型的精细划分和获得基于精细岩石类型层次系统的目的。对于后续基于精细岩心层次系统岩心物性参数的模拟和粗化具有十分重要的意义。     

人力资源开发与经济可持续发展

人力资源开发是经济可持续发展的前提和基础 ,我国经济要实现可持续发展 ,必须重视人力资源开发。我国人力资源开发的措施 :一是加大对人力资本投资 ,提高人口的整体素质 ;二是提高人力资本的使用效率 ;三是优化人力资源的配置结构 ,促进产业结构的调整