Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of bobbin-tool friction stir welded 2024-T3 aluminum alloy

Cold-rolled 2024-T3 sheet alloy was subjected to bobbin-tool friction stir welding (BTFSW). The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the nugget zone in the as-welded state were investigated. The results show that the equiaxed grain size of BTFSW 2024-T3 alloy decreases from 7.6 to 2.8 μm as the welding speed is increased from 80 to 120 mm/min; in addition, fine grains are generated in the nugget zone and the size distribution is non-uniform. All Al₂CuMg (S') precipitates dissolve into the Al matrix, whereas Mn-rich phases confirmed as T phases (Al₂₀Cu₂Mn₃, Al₆Mn, or Al₃Mn) remain unchanged. The optimized parameters for BTFSW are verified as the rotation speed of 350 r/min and the travel speed of 100 mm/min. The variations in precipitation and dislocation play more important roles than grain size in the nugget zone with respect to influencing the mechanical properties during the BTFSW process. After the BTFSW process, the fracture mode of base material 2024-T3 alloy transforms from ductile rupture to ductile-brittle mixed fracture.     

A model-based calibration method of automotive electronic control unit

This paper presents a systematic method of designing the calibration toolbox of automotive electronic control unit (ECU) based on real-time workshop (RTW). To break the strong coupling of each functional layer, the hierarchical architecture of the calibration system is divided into the bottom driver layer, the intermediate interface layer and the top application layer. The driver functions meeting the specification of the automotive open system are sent and received in the intermediate interface layer. To reduce the development costs, the portable user codes are generated by RTW which provides a development environment from system simulation to hardware implementation. Specifically, the calibration codes yielded from the controller area network (CAN) calibration protocol (CCP) module are integrated into the control codes, called by a compiler in the daemons to build a corresponding project, and then downloaded into the object board to provide the A2L file. The experiments illustrate that the different drive modules are only needed to be replaced for the implementation of the calibration system applied in different hardware platforms.     

Precipitation of flaky moolooite and its thermal decomposition

Moolooite particles with flaky morphology were synthesized by mixing dilute solutions of copper nitrate and sodium oxalate in the presence of citric acid. Solution pH value, citric acid concentration, and stirring were found to have large effect on the shape of the precipitated particles. Under the stirring, the radial area of flaky moolooite particles was enlarged and extended to become a thinner and larger flake. This is ascribed to growth promotion caused by the selective absorption of citric ligands onto a particular crystalline surface of the moolooite particles. Flaky shape of the moolooite particles tended to become spherical and disappeared completely when decomposed under an Ar atmosphere, leading to the formation of large porous aggregated particles composed of many tiny nanosized copper crystals.     

二甲基亚砜和胎牛血清对293T细胞冷冻效果的影响

使用含不同体积分数二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(5%、10%、15%、20%)和不同体积分数胎牛血清(FBS)(5%、10%、20%、40%)的细胞冷冻液以三步冷冻法冻存293T细胞.台盼蓝染色法进行活细胞计数后计算出解冻后细胞存活率.结果表明:FBS对293T细胞冷冻效果的影响是显著的(P<0.05),但添加20%和40%FBS的效果无显著差异(P>0.05);DMSO对293T细胞冷冻效果的影响则是极显著的(P<0.01),添加10%DMSO时,细胞的冷冻效果最好;冷冻液中含10%DMSO、40%FBS时的冷冻效果最佳,细胞存活率可达到82.00%.而实际应用中,含10%FBS、10%DMSO或20%FBS、5%～10%DMSO的细胞冷冻液也可达到较理想的冷冻效果,足以达到一般实验的要求.     

Prediction of end-use energy consumption in a region of Northwest China

End-use energy consumption can reflect the industrial development of a country and the living standards of its residents. The study of end-use energy consumption can provide a solid basis for industrial restructuring, energy saving, and emission reduction. In this paper, we analyzed the end-use energy consumption of a region in Northwestern China, and applied the Markov prediction method to forecast the future demand of different types of end-use energy. This provides a reference for the energy structure optimization in the Northwestern China.     

高转速弹丸磁强计/太阳方位角传感器组合测姿方法

为解决高转速弹丸的姿态测量问题,研究了磁强计/太阳方位角传感器的组合测姿方法。建立了三轴磁强计和太阳方位角传感器的测量方程,给出了三轴磁强计新的姿态解算方法并研究了解的存在性问题。采用一种解析算法求解磁强计/太阳方位角传感器非线性测量方程组,避免了采用数值算法的收敛性问题。最后通过仿真研究表明磁强计/太阳方位角传感器组合测姿方法能达到较高的测量精度。研究结果为高转速弹丸的姿态测量提供了有效的解决方法。     

基于协同理论和自组织理论的企业能力系统演化模型

为了揭示企业能力系统各子系统之间的演化机理,该文对企业能力系统各子系统之间的协同关系及其演化机理进行了研究。基于协同理论和自组织理论,采用系统动力学方法构建了企业能力系统各子系统的自组织演化过程方程。通过对演化模型的分析,得出了对企业能力系统自组织演化过程起决定作用的两个序参量协同能力和盈利能力,当能力系统未能达到稳定条件时,随机影响力能够改变该系统结构的有序性特点。该文有利于协调企业能力系统各子系统并实现自组织。     

Laser intensity induced transparency in atom-molecular transition process

We propose a new transparency mechanism, which is based on photoassociation （PA） laser intensity induced transitional frequency shift for ultracold cesium molecules formed in PA scheme. The PA laser intensity is supposed to change before the atommolecule resonance. Thus, a remarkable transparent effect for PA laser is expected to appear in the vicinity of original resonant transitional line, where the variation of PA laser intensity induces the shift of the excited molecular levels. The mechanism is different from electromagnetically induced transparency effect and interesting for further research on the scattering length for cesium atomic condensate.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>-Wythoff’s game with <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> players

Letting a = 1 in a- Wythoff’s game introduced by Fraenkel yields Wythoff’s game which is a well-known 2-player impartial combinatorial game introduced by Wythoff in 1907. A method of solving n-player impartial games was presented by Krawec in 2012. In this paper, we employ Krawec’s function to analyze n > 2 players a-Wythoff’s game and obtain game values for all a 1. The results obtained cover n-player Wythoff’s game, a special case 1-Wythoff’s game.     

Existence of global attractor for the one-dimensional bipolar quantum drift-diffusion model

In this paper, we investigate a one-dimensional bipolar quantum drift-diffusion model from semiconductor devices. We mainly show the long-time behavior of solutions to the one-dimensional bipolar quantum drift-diffusion model in a bounded domain. That is, we prove the existence of the global attractor for the solution.