海啸

海啸是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。当海底地壳发生断裂、移位、塌陷、山崩、火山爆发、大面积滑坡等活动时，都会伴随着海底地震的出现。地震的发生使震区的海洋水体出现振荡波。当振荡波接近大陆海岸时，与越来越浅的海底磨擦，使波速降低、波长缩短，而周期不变。由振荡波所卷起的海浪．在海岸一带其波高可达数十米(有时会超过百米)，     

如何设计企业财务收支审批制度

通过介绍财务收支审批制度设计的原则、财务收支审批制度设计的内容,叙述了如何设计企业财务收支审批制度。     

玉米收获机械化现状与发展战略

通过对我国玉米收获机械化的发展现状和意义进行分析,提出了我国玉米收获机械化的发展对策。     

MPEG-21数字项适配技术研究

研究了MPEG-21数字项适配DlA（Digital Item Adaptation）框架及媒体格式独立（format-independent）的资源适配机制，结合H.264／AVC视频感知运动能量模型PME（Perceived Motion Energy），提出了一套基于MPEG-21 DIA的H.264／AVC视频适配模型和系统，并设计了多媒体资源适配引擎，提出了相应的资源适配决策算法，即在满足网络可用带宽的约束条件下，丢弃低感知质量层的视频帧，而尽可能多地保留高感知质量层的视频帧．实验结果表明，大部分测试视频序列在丢帧率平均达到50％～60％的时候，其用户主观感受质量评分仍可以达到可接受的程度（一般），而视频传输速率平均有24％的减少．该系统不仅保证了视频适配后较高的用户视觉主观感知质量，而且实现了独立于媒体编码格式的视频适配机制，提高了多媒体适配系统的灵活性和可扩展性．     

Soil Erosion on a Slope without Vegetation： a Simulating Experiment on a Bare Land in Mt. Tanakami

0　IntroductionManystudieshavebeendoneonthesedimentdischargeinMt.Tanakami .Thosestudiesconcerntheamountofsedi mentsandfewdiscussionsabouttheprocessonly .Andthesedi mentyieldmechanismindevastatedslopeinMt.Tanakamiisnotfullyunderstood.Inordertorecordthewholeprocessofsoilero sionfromthebeginningofprecipitation ,totheendofsedimentmovement,asimulatingexperimentbyusingartificialrainiscon ducted .Basedonthisexperiment,andbyfurthercomparingwiththepreviousdataofsedimentsinthisarea,somebasicdataaboutc…     

An M/M/1 Queueing-Inventory System with Geometric Batch Demands and Lost Sales

This paper studies an M/M/1 queueing-inventory system with batch demands. Customers arrive in the system according to a compound Poisson process, where the size of the batch demands for each arrival is a random variable that follows a geometric distribution. The inventory is replenished according to the standard (s,S) policy. The replenishment time follows an exponential distribution. Two models are considered. In the first model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer takes away all the items in the inventory, and a part of the customer’s batch demands is lost. In the second model, if the on-hand inventory is less than the size of the batch demands of an arrived customer, the customer leaves without taking any item from the inventory, and all of the customer’s batch demands are lost. For these two models, the authors derive the stationary conditions of the system. Then, the authors derive the stationary distributions of the product-form of the joint queue length and the on-hand inventory process. Besides this, the authors obtain some important performance measures and the average cost functions by using these stationary distributions. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Loading-Balance Relay-Selective Strategy Based on Stochastic Dynamic Program

A Relay-Assisted(RA) network with relay selection is considered as a type of effective technology to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of a cellular network. However, loading balance of the assisted relay node becomes an inevitable bottleneck in RA network development because users do not follow uniform distribution. Furthermore, the time-varying channel condition of wireless communication is also a major challenge for the RA network with relay selection. To solve these problems and improve the practicability of the RA network, a Loading Balance-Relay Selective(LBRS) strategy is proposed for the RA network in this paper. The proposed LBRS strategy formulates the relay selection of the RA network under imperfect channel state information assumption as a Multistage Decision(MD) problem. An optimal algorithm is also investigated to solve the proposed MD problem based on stochastic dynamic program. Numerical results show that the performance of the LBRS strategy is better than that of traditional greedy algorithm and the former is effective as an exhaustive search-based method.     

A Generic TC-Based Method to Find the Weakness in Different Phases of Masking Schemes

Masking is one of the most commonly used Side-Channel Attack(SCA) countermeasures and is built on a security framework, such as the ISW framework, and ensures theoretical security through secret sharing.Unfortunately, the theoretical security cannot guarantee practical security, because several possible weaknesses may exist in the actual implementation. These weaknesses likely come from the masking schemes or are introduced by the implementation methods. Finding the possible weakness of the masking scheme is an interesting and important issue for real applications. In this paper, the possible weaknesses for masking schemes in FieldProgrammable Gate Array(FPGA) design are discussed. It was found that the combinational circuit is the key to the security of masking schemes. The Toggle Count(TC) method and its extension are utilized to evaluate the security of masking schemes in the design phase and the implementation phase separately. Comparing different logic-level simulators for the Xilinx FPGA platform, the behavioral and post-translate simulations are considered as the analysis method in the design phase, while the post-map and the post-route simulations are used to find the weakness during the implementation phase. Moreover, a Standard Delay Format(SDF) based improvement scheme is proposed to significantly increase the effectiveness of the TC model.     

Influence of strategy continuity on cooperation in spatial prisoner’s dilemma games with migrating players

The phenomenon of cooperation is prevalent in both nature and human society. In this paper a simulative model is developed to examine how the strategy continuity influences cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s games in which the players migrate through the success-driven migration mechanism. Numerical simulations illustrate that the strategy continuity promotes cooperation at a low rate of migration, while impeding cooperation when the migration rate is higher. The influence of strategy continuity is also dependent on the game types. Through a more dynamic analysis, the different effects of the strategy continuity at low and high rates of migration are explained by the formation, expansion, and extinction of the self-assembled clusters of “partial- cooperators” within the gaming population.     

Seasonal Variation and Land-Use/Land-Cover Type Impacts on the Correlation of Urban Heat Island Intensity and Difference Vegetation Index with Satellite Data in Xi’an,China

Green coverage has pronounced influences on urban heat island (UHI) effect, while the impacts of seasonal variation and Land-Use/Land-Cover (LULC) types on this effect has not been implemented. This paper investigated the spatio-seasonal characteristics of urban thermal environment and the vegetation-soil mixed area, and then explored the effects of vegetation status on UHI intensity from the perspectives of seasons and regions in Xi’an using four Landsat 8 images. UHI intensity index was implemented to extract UHI intensity based on thermal infrared imagery, and difference vegetation index (DVI) was used to represent vegetation-soil mixed area. Results indicated that DVI has impacts on UHI intensity, and their relations vary with season and region. In the whole Xi’an, if UHI intensity is smaller than -0.1, DVI increases with the increase of UHI intensity; whereas for UHI intensity is greater than -0.1, DVI decreases with increases of the UHI intensity from early spring to autumn. The highest correlation level was discovered in the autumn map (R²=0.713). Results of correlation analysis further displayed that DVI positively correlated with UHI intensity at impervious surface, and that the main urban area possessed the best correlation with R²=0.564 5.