东江干流(惠州段)水生生态系统关键物种的优先保护顺序

以东江干流(惠州段)生物调查资料为依据,根据东江干流(惠州段)水生生态系统的食物结构,计算水生生态系统中各类种群的关键性指数,比较各类种群的关键性指数的大小,识别出关键物种;然后在计算每种关键物种濒危系数、遗传损失系数和物种价值系数的基础上得出其优先保护的顺序.结果表明:东江干流(惠州段)水生生态系统的关键物种为鱼类,处于1、2、3和4级保护级别的物种分别有1、3、7和39种;鲤鱼的保护顺序系数最高;四大家鱼亦应作为优先保护物种.     

我国社区矫正执行体制的缺陷及其改革

我国近年来推行的社区矫正改革总体进展不大.主要原因在于,我国现行社区矫正的执行体制存在严重缺陷,因此需要对其进行重大改革.     

创新型城市的形成过程研究

通过研究创新型城市建设成功案例，分析了由城市创新形成创新型城市的条件及各形成阶段特征，提出了只有具备了创新要素聚集、创新能力提高、j创新体制完善和创新文化浓厚等条件才能成为创新型城市。     

水泥稳定碎石基层施工工艺与质量控制

文章根据贵州贵都高速公路水泥稳定碎石基层的施工情况,介绍了水泥稳定碎石基层的材料、配比、拌和、摊铺、碾压和养生等施工工艺,并总结了质量控制要点.     

浅析事业单位会计制度的完善

在我国,事业单位会计制度的改革由于其涉及面广、改革难度大,更是引起理论界和实践界的广泛关注。事业单位会计处理出现了很多新的特征,导致现行事业单位会计制度存在的问题日益显现,文章主要提出了事业单位会计制度的完善措施。     

吕梁市“引水入交”工程引水线路优化设计研究

文章从技术可行、施工难易、工程量、建成后运行管理、工程建设投资等方面入手,对吕梁市引水入交工程供水管线布置进行了优化设计研究,以确定该工程的管线最优布置方案。     

Amplitudes, rates, periodicities and causes of temperature variations in the past 2485 years and future trends over the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau

Amplitudes, rates, periodicities, causes and future trends of temperature variations based on tree rings for the past 2485 years on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed. The results showed that extreme climatic events on the Plateau, such as the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age and 20th Century Warming appeared synchronously with those in other places worldwide. The largest amplitude and rate of temperature change occurred during the Eastern Jin Event (343-425 AD), and not in the late 20th century. There were significant cycles of 1324 a, 800 a, 199 a, 110 a and 2-3 a in the 2485-year temperature series. The 1324 a, 800 a, 199 a and 110 a cycles are associated with solar activity, which greatly affects the Earth surface temperature. The long-term trends (>1000 a) of temperature were controlled by the millennium-scale cycle, and amplitudes were dominated by multi-century cycles. Moreover, cold intervals corresponded to sunspot minimums. The prediction indicated that the temperature will decrease in the future until to 2068 AD and then increase again.     

Ancient DNA sequences of rice from the low Yangtze reveal significant genotypic divergence

Rice (Oryza sativa) was first domesticated in the lower and middle Yangtze regions of China, and rice remains have been found in many Chinese archaeological sites. Until now, only phenotypic archeobotanical evidence, such as the spikelet bases of ancient grains, has been used to speculate on the domestication process and domestication rate of rice. In this study, we sequenced 4 genomic segments from rice remains in Tianluoshan, a site of the local Hemudu Neolithic culture in the low Yangtze and two other archaeological sites (~2400 and 1200 BC, respectively). We compared our sequences with those of the current domesticated and wild rice (O. rufipogon) populations. At least two genotypes were found in the remains from each site, suggesting a heterozygotic state of the rice seeds. One ancient genotype was not found in the current domesticated population and might have been lost. The rice remains belonged to the japonica group, and most if not all were japonica-type, suggesting that the remains might be at an early stage of indica-japonica divergence or an indica-japonica mixture. We also identified sequences with significant similarity to those from species of Sapindales, Zygophyllales, and Brassicales, which is consistent with the identification of other plant remains in the Tianluoshan site and the common rice field weeds such as mustards in southern China.     

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the processes of polluted source water treatment

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is currently considered to be one of the most important issues in drinking water field due to its formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts. This paper deals with DON concentrations in typical processes of a water treatment plant. The results show that very little DON is removed by these processes. Furthermore, biological activity in some processes can even increase DON concentration and decrease the ratio of dissolved organic carbon/DON, which may pose a risk to drinking water safety.     

40-Gb/s all-optical digital 4-bit priority encoder employing cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers

High-speed all-optical logic circuits have attracted much attention because of their important roles in signal processing in next-generation optical networks.The digital encoder is widely used in binary calculation,multiplexing,demultiplexing,address recognition and data encryption.A priority encoder allows the existence of multiple valid inputs simultaneously,identifies the priority of the request signals and encodes the priority.We propose and experimentally demonstrate an all-optical 4-bit priority encoder for return-to-zero signals at 40 Gbit/s based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifiers.Detuning fil-ters after semiconductor optical amplifiers are employed to improve the output performance.Correct logic bit sequences and clear open eye patterns with extinction ratios exceeding 10 dB are achieved.