共归纳数据类型上的共递归操作及其计算定律

范畴论框架下的共归纳数据类型可以看成是某个共代数函子下的终结共代数中的载体,针对该特点,结合范畴论给出程序语言中共归纳数据类型的共代数描述,并根据终结共代数的终结性给出相应的共递归操作的定义及其共代数计算定律;同时,利用双函子及类型函子对参数化共归纳数据类型进行抽象描述,并结合自然转换给出类型函子上的单元和融合等计算定...     

PCR检测乳粉中肺炎克雷伯氏菌

利用PCR技术直接检测乳粉中的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,无需增菌.通过滤膜法成功地从人工污染肺炎克雷伯氏菌的乳粉中提取了肺炎克雷伯氏菌的DNA.以肺炎克雷伯氏菌的间区序列(ITS)为靶基因,经过PCR扩增得到158 bp的产物,经过DNA测序证实该产物为目的扩增产物.该方法灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为10CFU/mL,可在6 h内完成对乳品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌的检测,比目前普遍采用的先增菌再进行PCR检测的方法缩短了12-24 h.     

柘林水电站扩建工程直流系统的计算与选型

以柘林水电站扩建工程为例,对直流系统进行详细的计算并选型,为直流系统的计算和选型提供了参考.     

基于Y型多针孔干涉仪的三维绝对坐标测量

提出一种利用Y型多针孔干涉仪测量三维绝对位置坐标的新方法.这种方法是通过提取多针孔板上各测量孔的相位信息进而计算出待测点绝对位置坐标的.文章详细介绍了该方法的测量原理,并通过理论分析给出了测量公式.通过计算机模拟实验的方法验证了该方法的可行性.与现有的点衍射干涉测量法相比,该方法不需要任何相移装置,对测量环境的要求低,...     

Photonic integrated technology for multi-wavelength laser emission

We summarized the design, fabrication challenges and important technologies for multi-wavelength laser transmitting photonic integration. Technologies discussed include multi-wavelength laser arrays, monolithic integration and modularizing coupling and packaging. Fabrication technique requirements have significantly declined with the rise of reconstruction-equivalent-chirp and second nanoimprint mask technologies. The monolithic integration problem between active and passive waveguides can be overcome with Butt-joint and InP array waveguide grating technologies. The dynamic characteristics of multi-factors will be simultaneously measured with multi-port analyzing modules. The performance of photonic integration chips is significantly improved with the autoecious factors compensation packaging technique.     

Does flagship species tourism benefit conservation? A case study of the golden snub-nosed monkey in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Tourism has been widely used as a conservation strategy that directly compensates local people or management authorities, thereby contributing to development and creating incentives to preserve the landscape. Reserves or parks that are inhabited by flagship species may be able to generate more revenue through tourism than those without such species because flagship species have great potential for raising funds and creating publicity for conservation goals. In this paper, we examine flagship species tourism...     

Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

Rapid growth and sterility of growth hormone gene transgenic triploid carp

Triploid carp (100%) with 150 (3n=150) chromosomes were obtained by crossing the females of improved tetraploid hybrids (♀, 4n=200) of red crucian carp (♀)×common carp (♂) with the males of diploid yellow river carp (♂, 2n=100). The crosses yielded transgenic triploid carp (positive triploid fish, 44.2% of the progeny) and non-transgenic triploid carp (negative triploid fish). Histological examination of the gonads of 24-month-old positive triploid fish suggested they were sterile and the fish were not able to produce mature gametes during the breeding season. Morphologically, both the positive and negative triploid fish were similar. They had a spindle-shaped, laterally compressed, steel grey body with two pairs of barbells. Most of the quantifiable traits of the triploid carp were intermediate between those of the two parents. The positive and negative triploid fish were raised in the same pond for 2 years. The mean body weight of the positive triploid fish was 2.3 times higher than the negative triploid fish. The weight of the largest positive triploid fish was 2.91 times higher than that of the largest negative triploid fish. Thus, we produced fast-growing transgenic triploid carp that have a reduced ecological risk because of their inability to mate and produce progeny.     

Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Oriental ginseng is an important medicinal plant that grows in 2 major forms or ecotypes, wild and domesticated. Each form differs conspicuously in root phenotype, but can be converted from one type to another by habitat. Here we show that the habitat-induced transformation of ginseng root phenotype was accompanied by alteration in cytosine methylation at a large number of 5′-CCGG-3′ sites detected by the methylation-sensitive polymorphism (MSAP) marker. The collective CG and CHG methylation levels of all 4 landraces of the domesticated form were significantly lower than those of the wild form. Interestingly, artificially transplanted ginseng plants recreated in both directions the methylation levels (at least in CHG) of their natural counterparts. The methylation differences between the 2 ginseng ecotypes were validated at 2 isolated MSAP loci bearing homology to a 5S rRNA gene or a copia retrotransposon. Our results implicate a link between epigenetic variation and habitat-induced phenotypic flexibility in Oriental ginseng.     

A survey of next generation mobile communications research in China

With the rapid development of wireless communication networks, the fourth generation (4G) has emerged to move beyond the limitations of the third generation (3G), with increased bandwidth, enhanced quality of services, and reduced costs of resources. In this paper, we discuss the key technologies of 4G and focus on surveying the ongoing research in 4G communications in China. The 4G technologies under investigation include multicarrier transmission, multiple antenna techniques, carrier aggregation, relays, cognitive radio, distributed antenna systems, network convergence, and network self-optimization. These technologies are the building blocks of 4G and contribute largely to the requirements of International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced). For each technology, its benefits, research topics, and some existing approaches are examined. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and future research issues in 4G systems.