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131.
Pluto's first known satellite, Charon, was discovered in 1978. It has a diameter (approximately 1,200 km) about half that of Pluto, which makes it larger, relative to its primary, than any other moon in the Solar System. Previous searches for other satellites around Pluto have been unsuccessful, but they were not sensitive to objects less, similar150 km in diameter and there are no fundamental reasons why Pluto should not have more satellites. Here we report the discovery of two additional moons around Pluto, provisionally designated S/2005 P 1 (hereafter P1) and S/2005 P 2 (hereafter P2), which makes Pluto the first Kuiper belt object known to have multiple satellites. These new satellites are much smaller than Charon, with estimates of P1's diameter ranging from 60 km to 165 km, depending on the surface reflectivity; P2 is about 20 per cent smaller than P1. Although definitive orbits cannot be derived, both new satellites appear to be moving in circular orbits in the same orbital plane as Charon, with orbital periods of approximately 38 days (P1) and approximately 25 days (P2).  相似文献   
132.
Turbo解码的迭代解码的循环次数越多,误码性能就越能得到改善.但是SOVA解码的循环次数有一个限度,超过这一限度,改善程度有限,只会增加计算量和解码迟滞.为了减少不必要的计算量和解码迟滞,需要更有效率的迭代解码中止判据.提出为了SOVA(Soft output Viterbi algorithm)解码的高效率的迭代解码中止判据,通过模拟,比较、分析了其性能.  相似文献   
133.
Long JA  Young GC  Holland T  Senden TJ  Fitzgerald EM 《Nature》2006,444(7116):199-202
The transition from fishes to tetrapods was one of the most dramatic events in the evolution of vertebrates, but many pivotal fossils are incomplete, resulting in gaps in the data that are used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Here we present new observations from the most complete, acid-prepared Devonian tetrapodomorph fish yet discovered, Gogonasus, which was previously placed just crownward of Kenichthys and rhizodontids, the most primitive taxa on the tetrapod lineage. Unexpectedly, Gogonasus shows a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived tetrapod-like features. Whereas the braincase and dermal cranial skeleton exhibit generalized morphologies with respect to Eusthenopteron or Panderichthys, taxa that are traditionally considered to be phyletically close to tetrapods, the presence of a deeply invaginated, wide spiracle, advanced internal spiracular architecture and near-horizontal hyomandibula are specialized features that are absent from Eusthenopteron. Furthermore, the pectoral fin skeleton of Gogonasus shares several features with that of Tiktaalik, the most tetrapod-like fish. A new phylogenetic analysis places Gogonasus crownward of Eusthenopteron as the sister taxon to the Elpistostegalia. Aspects of the basic tetrapod limb skeleton and middle ear architecture can now be traced further back within the tetrapodomorph radiation.  相似文献   
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A cancer drug target is only truly validated by demonstrating that a given therapeutic agent is clinically effective and acts through the target against which it was designed. Nevertheless, it is desirable to declare an early-stage drug target as 'validated' before investing in a full-scale drug discovery programme dedicated to it. Although the outcome of validation studies can guide cancer research programmes, strictly defined universal validation criteria have not been established.  相似文献   
137.
国际间节能减碳相关产业的发展状况   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于温室效应对于全球气候变化的影响已经相当显著,因此许多国家与产业都将投入大量资源以努力降低全球气候变化的影响,其中当然隐现着未来全球节能减碳领域的庞大新商机,各项节能减碳相关创新技术因而相继发展.笔者指出,节能减碳产业是藉由材料、设备、制程以及产品之改善,以达成节能减碳目的之产业,其产业范畴可略分为节能材料、节能设备及产品、系统能源整合、节能减碳认验证、碳资产管理等.综述了国际间节能减碳相关产业之发展现状及发展趋势.指出,面对未来之挑战,应确实评估节能减碳相关产业之发展潜力,确定发展对象,擘划出适合节能减碳之产业发展策略及措施.  相似文献   
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用电感耦合等离子焰光谱技术测定大鹏湾4个采样站位沉积物岩芯中Pb,Mn,Ni,Cr,Cd和Fe,Mg,Zn,Cu,Co共10种重金属元素的浓度-深度关系,并根据相应的沉积速率分析了该海域的污染史.  相似文献   
140.
Eukaryotic genomes are packaged into nucleosomes, which are thought to repress gene expression generally. Repression is particularly evident at yeast telomeres, where genes within the telomeric heterochromatin appear to be silenced by the histone-binding silent information regulator (SIR) complex (Sir2, Sir3, Sir4) and Rap1 (refs 4-10). Here, to investigate how nucleosomes and silencing factors influence global gene expression, we use high-density arrays to study the effects of depleting nucleosomal histones and silencing factors in yeast. Reducing nucleosome content by depleting histone H4 caused increased expression of 15% of genes and reduced expression of 10% of genes, but it had little effect on expression of the majority (75%) of yeast genes. Telomere-proximal genes were found to be de-repressed over regions extending 20 kilobases from the telomeres, well beyond the extent of Sir protein binding and the effects of loss of Sir function. These results indicate that histones make Sir-independent contributions to telomeric silencing, and that the role of histones located elsewhere in chromosomes is gene specific rather than generally repressive.  相似文献   
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