爱德华T·霍尔

爱德华·霍尔于 2 0 0 1年 8月 1 1日病逝 ,享年 77岁。霍尔不仅是一位伟大的物理学家 ,还是一位有独创性的发明家和手艺超群的工匠。他建造了世界上最为精确的单摆钟 ,并在科学研究上也颇有建树 ,他认为自己对科学工作纯粹都是为了兴趣而完成的。在过去的 45年里 ,霍尔的主要兴趣 (至少是在技术方面 )在考古学上。考古学主要是通过发明、建造和利用各种方法来发现古代物品 ,确定它们的年代并对其进行鉴定。考古学可以使我们了解古代的技术状况。近些年来 ,在世界范围内掀起了一场考古热 ,它是科学和艺术的结合 ,现在称为“考古定年学”。这…     

INNOVATION AND ANALYSIS OF KOREAN FASHION STYLE

1.Korean Traditional CostumeKorean costume culture was originated from culture of northern horseriding tribe, Scythai culture. In Culture of Korean traditional costume, the basic type of clothing is short jacket and trousers or short jacket, skirt, and wearing hat, Wha (boots) and Lee (deep curved and low heel shoes). It was the cloak as protecting cold and taking Po for outdoor works. We can find stripe neck park of jacket and following round line in down part of sleeve.     

Homozygotes for Huntington's disease

Careful comparison of symptomatic individuals with normal controls has revealed the primary biochemical abnormality in many human genetic diseases, particularly recessive disorders. This strategy has proved less successful for most human disorders which are not recessive, and where a single copy of the aberrant gene has clinically significant effects even though the normal gene product is present. An alternative approach that eliminates the impediment of a normal protein in affected individuals is to study homozygotes for the mutant allele. For virtually all dominant human disorders in which homozygotes have been described, symptoms have been significantly more severe in the homozygote than in the heterozygote. Thus, these disorders do not conform to the classical definition of dominance which states that homozygotes and heterozygotes for a defect are phenotypically indistinguishable. Instead, they display incomplete dominance, indicating that the normal allele may play a role in ameliorating the disease process. The D4S10 locus, defined by the probe G8 and linked to the gene for Huntington's disease (HD), has permitted us to identify individuals with a high probability of being homozygous for this autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. These homozygotes do not differ in clinical expression or course from typical HD heterozygotes. HD appears to be the first human disease of genetically documented homozygosity that displays complete phenotypic dominance.     

Lymphopenia and lymphocyte transformation in alcoholics.

The basis of peripheral blood lymphopenia observed in patients with chronic alcoholism and liver disease was investigated by examining the effect of sera of these patients on in vitro transformation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the serum inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin- and pokeweed mitogen-induced transformation and the degree of lymphopenia. Thus serum factors may contribute to the observed lymphopenia by inhibiting lymphocyte production in vivo.     

Oncogenic mutations of ALK kinase in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma in advanced stages is one of the most intractable paediatric cancers, even with recent therapeutic advances. Neuroblastoma harbours a variety of genetic changes, including a high frequency of MYCN amplification, loss of heterozygosity at 1p36 and 11q, and gain of genetic material from 17q, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. However, the scarcity of reliable molecular targets has hampered the development of effective therapeutic agents targeting neuroblastoma. Here we show that the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), originally identified as a fusion kinase in a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NPM-ALK) and more recently in adenocarcinoma of lung (EML4-ALK), is also a frequent target of genetic alteration in advanced neuroblastoma. According to our genome-wide scans of genetic lesions in 215 primary neuroblastoma samples using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping microarrays, the ALK locus, centromeric to the MYCN locus, was identified as a recurrent target of copy number gain and gene amplification. Furthermore, DNA sequencing of ALK revealed eight novel missense mutations in 13 out of 215 (6.1%) fresh tumours and 8 out of 24 (33%) neuroblastoma-derived cell lines. All but one mutation in the primary samples (12 out of 13) were found in stages 3-4 of the disease and were harboured in the kinase domain. The mutated kinases were autophosphorylated and displayed increased kinase activity compared with the wild-type kinase. They were able to transform NIH3T3 fibroblasts as shown by their colony formation ability in soft agar and their capacity to form tumours in nude mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that downregulation of ALK through RNA interference suppresses proliferation of neuroblastoma cells harbouring mutated ALK. We anticipate that our findings will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of advanced neuroblastoma and that ALK-specific kinase inhibitors might improve its clinical outcome.     

The genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the origin of metazoans

Choanoflagellates are the closest known relatives of metazoans. To discover potential molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of metazoan multicellularity, we sequenced and analysed the genome of the unicellular choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis. The genome contains approximately 9,200 intron-rich genes, including a number that encode cell adhesion and signalling protein domains that are otherwise restricted to metazoans. Here we show that the physical linkages among protein domains often differ between M. brevicollis and metazoans, suggesting that abundant domain shuffling followed the separation of the choanoflagellate and metazoan lineages. The completion of the M. brevicollis genome allows us to reconstruct with increasing resolution the genomic changes that accompanied the origin of metazoans.     

应变闪锌矿(001)取向GaN/AlGaN量子阱中受屏蔽激子的压力效应

采用变分法与自洽计算相结合的方法讨论了在电子-空穴气体屏蔽影响下应变闪锌矿(001)取向GaN/AlxGa1-xN量子阱中激子结合能的压力效应.结果表明,若考虑压力对双轴及单轴应变的调制以及禁带宽度、有效质量和介电常数等参数的影响,激子结合能随压力的增大近似线性增加.此外,由简化相干近似法讨论了垒材料AlxGa1-xN中铝组分对激子结合能的影响.结果表明,在固定的压力下当铝组分增加时激子结合能会逐渐增加;且压力较大时结合能随组分的增加更加显著.     

Matlab在发动机故障诊断中的应用研究

以电控汽油机转速传感器为例,探讨了小波分析技术在发动机故障诊断中的应用。首先采集了转速传感器正常和异常信号,并对采集到的信号进行小波分析,结果表明,利用小波系数可以分析转速信号,判断发动机断缸故障;转速信号的小波分析结果能对比发动机各缸的工作性能。实践证明利用小波分析对电控发动机进行故障诊断是切实可行的。     

肉制品病原微生物的高压脉冲电场杀菌效果研究

高压脉冲电场广泛应用于牛奶、饮料等流质食品杀菌实验,本实验选用携菌鲜猪肉和鲜鱼肉为杀菌对象,磁场强度分别为0、2．4、5．16、10．36T,脉冲频率为50Hz,脉冲时长为5ms,脉冲数分别为0、10、20个,在上述条件作用下,并没有观察到杀菌效果,初步分析可能是肉制品状态不均一和电导率低所至。