Effect of intermittent aeration on the treatment performance in a submerged membrane bioreactor

In order to improve removal for nitrogen in a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), intermittent aeration was conducted, and the effect on the treatment performance under four kinds of operation condition (run 1, continuous aeration; run 2, 60/60 min aeration on/off time; run 3, 60/90 min aeration on/off time; run 4, 60/75 min aeration on/off time) was evaluated. The results showed that depending on the specific on/off of the aeration time ratio, removal efficiency of nitrogen could be improved significantly, and the removal rates of total nitrogen (TN) under different operation conditions were 28.0%, 59.5%, 66.8% and 70.7%, respectively. There were no obvious differences for removal rates for COD_Cr and ammonia among different operation conditions. In general, intermittent aeration could be used as a feasible way to improve treatment performance for nitrogen in the SMBR.     

我国农村集体土地所有权性质辨析

我国农村集体土地所有权制度确立以来几经变迁,其性质一直存在争议。农村集体土地所有权,从性质上说应当是一种新型的总有权。这种新型的农村集体土地所有权,不是对日耳曼土地所有制的复制和原封不动的移植,而是适应我国农村生产力水平与发展要求的经济法律制度。我们应该在借鉴日耳曼法传统总有理论的合理内核的基础上,构建我国农村集体土地总有的理论体系。     

基于3S技术的第二次全国土地调查与分析

2008年第二次全国土地调查在全国范围内展开,这对于全面查清全国土地利用状况,掌握真实的土地基础数据具有极其重要的意义。3S技术是当前空间技术发展的重要方向,在第二次全国土地调查中发挥了重要的作用。通过重点论述土地调查的技术路线和方法,介绍内业建库的过程并且分析了调查数据变化的原因。     

金融时间序列分形维估计的小波方法

讨论了金融时间序列的性质,通过实际数据说明,金融时间序列具有两个重要特性——统计自相似性和非平稳性.利用正交小波变换的方法,给出了其分形维的估计方法.最后,实证分析了国内金融市场,并应用此方法分别得出了上证综合指数序列过程和深证成分指数序列过程的分形维.     

点云配准误差传播规律的研究

引入摄影测量影像匹配的原理,对地面3维激光扫描仪在不同测站采集点云进行配准分析,并在此基础上探讨点云配准误差传播的规律,得出点云配准误差传播的模型.通过点云配准误差实验,验证了点云配准精度与点云模型累积误差的定量关系,从而可为点云配准的质量进行评估.     

同时考虑决策单元竞争与合作关系的DEA交叉效率评价方法

为解决交叉效率方法中存在的多解问题,进取型权重与仁慈型权重方法被提出,所有决策单元要么同时被视为盟友,要么同时被视为敌对方,这并不完全符合各决策单元的个人意愿.因此,提出一种竞合DEA交叉效率方法,将所有决策单元分为若干组,各个决策单元的偏好权重能最大化盟友的总效率而最小化敌对方的总效率.这种权重选择策略体现了不同决策单元的个人偏好,故可以更方便地应用于实践中.最后,通过一个算例演示了这一方法.     

A comparative study of magnetic properties between whole cells and isolated magnetosomes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Magnetospirillum magneticum</Emphasis> AMB-1

The magnetic properties of magnetosome magnetite are of interdisciplinary interest because magnetosomes are potential carriers of natural remanent magnetization and paleoenvironment, as well as novel nano-biomaterials in biotechnological and biomedical applications. We carried out magnetic and electron transmission microscopy analyses of fresh Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 whole cells and isolated magnetosomes. Results revealed that AMB-1 synthesized single-domain magnetite magneto-somes, which are arra...     

Variability of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity with depth along the Elkhorn River,Nebraska, USA

Determination of streambed hydraulic conductivity is of great importance in the analysis of stream-aquifer interactions and stream ecosystems.In this paper,in situ falling-head standpipe permeameter tests were conducted to determine streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of two connected layers of sediments at 60 test locations from eight sites in the Elkhorn River,Nebraska.Our results show that the Kv values for the upper layer of sediments are generally larger than those in their respective lower ...     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

The effects of the guide field on the structures of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection

Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the formation of electron density depletions in collisionless magnetic reconnection.In anti-parallel reconnection,the quadrupole structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field are formed,and four symmetric electron density depletion layers can be found along the separatrices due to the effects of magetic mirror.With the increase of the initial guide field,the symmetry of both the out-of-plane magnetic field and electron density depletion layers is distorted.When the initial guide field is sufficiently large,the electron density depletion layers along the lower left and upper right separatrices disappear.The parallel electric field in guide field reconnection is found to play an important role in forming such structures of the electron density depletion layers.The structures of the out-of-plane magnetic field By and electron depletion layers in anti-parallel and guide field reconnection are found to be related to electron flow or in-plane currents in the separatrix regions.In anti-parallel reconnection,electrons flow towards the X line along the separatrices,and are directed away from the X line along the magnetic field lines just inside the separatrices.In guide field reconnection,electrons can only flow towards the X line along the upper left and lower right separatrices due to the existence of the parallel electric field in these regions.