基于分方向选择搜索的多目标进化算法

Pareto 解空间为分区域连续时,基于极大极小策略和确定权重的多目标进化算法在进化的每一代都会在无最优解的区域搜索解点.为解决此问题,文中提出了一种新的判断机制,根据每个权重在不同方向上选取的解点集来判断权重对应的Pareto有效解区域是否存在最优解点,并以此来调整搜索的区域;为了避免算法陷入局部收敛和种群早熟,提出...     

退火温度对ZnO薄膜晶体管电特性的影响

针对非晶硅和有机薄膜晶体管的低迁移率问题,以高纯Zn为靶材,反应磁控溅射沉积、且在不同温度下退火的ZnO薄膜作为半导体活性层,成功地制备出基于ZnO材料的薄膜晶体管(ZnO-TFT),研究了退火温度对ZnO -TFT电特性的影响.结果表明:ZnO- TFT的载流子迁移率随退火温度的升高而明显增大,700℃退火的样品迁移...     

三峡小江回水区水体光学特征及分析

为探讨三峡水库运行初期小江回水区水体的光学特性,研究了2008年1月至12月期间小江回水区5个断面可见光衰减系数Kd(PAR)与透明度的时空分布特征及二者的相关性,进一步分析了可见光衰减系数与透明度、悬浮物浓度、溶解性有机物及叶绿素等水质指标的相关关系。研究区域可见光衰减系数和透明度空间分布差异不明显,但季节变化显著。可见光衰减系数在0.23~4.82 m-1之间变化,均值为(1.03±0.07) m-1,冬季最高,夏季最低。统计分析表明,可见光衰减系数与透明度有显著的相关性(R2=0.7791),表明两者可相互反演。与总颗粒态物质浓度,总无机颗粒态物质浓度的相关性显著(R2 =0.728 5,R2=0.763 7),与溶解性有机碳有一定的相关性(R2=0.128 9),与叶绿素a相关性不明显(R2=0.006),分析表明总无机颗粒态物质是小江回水区水体光学特征的最主要影响因素。     

小型单相同步发电机并列条件仿真分析

小型单相同步发电机并列控制器设计时,并列参数选择需要限制合闸后冲击电流不大于一定范围。通过建立小型单相同步发电机并列系统的场路耦合时步有限元模型,并采用ANSYS的APDL语言编制的计算软件,研究了两台单相同步发电机在不同并列参数差值下并列的暂态过程,得出在3个并列参数差值单因素及多因素作用下合闸后冲击电流的大小和变化规律,为单相同步发电机并列控制器设计提供了准确的并列条件。     

ITER中国液态锂铅实验回路中的氚技术

多方合作的国际热核实验堆(ITER)计划是全球能源问题关注的一个重要进展标志,中国参与提出的双功能液态锂铅包层模块(DFLL-TBM)是一重要组成部分,采用液态锂铅合金作为氚增殖剂和冷却剂,氢-氦混合气鼓泡方式提取氚.因此,氚技术成为关系液态金属包层成败的关键问题之一.结合中国液态锂铅实验包层技术的发展战略,从理论分析与计算、实验研究和工程设计3方面,阐述了自2004年以来ITER中国液态锂铅回路中的氚技术研究进展.系统介绍了液态锂铅鼓泡器的模拟-设计与研制、锂铅回路中氚的衡算-分析与防氚渗透涂层的进展、锂铅材料辐照-释氚行为的计算与实验、包层氚提取系统的设计等情况.这些工作结果表明,彻底克服锂铅中氚溶解度极低、长期连续操作、磁流体效应(MHD)累积、材料腐蚀等困难,解决氚的滞留、渗透与回收技术难题,降低环境污染是完全可行的.     

利用SRAP标记分析黄淮海地区纤毛鹅观草居群的遗传多样性

笔者利用SRAP标记对纤毛鹅观草29个居群进行了遗传多样性分析.本实验利用11对能够在不同居群中扩增出稳定多态性条带的引物进行扩增,结果表明,平均每对引物获得9.34个多态性位点,多态位点百分率为80.47％.GS值在0.583 3到0.967 7之间,平均GS值为0.775 5,这表明,居群之间差异明显,具有较为丰富的遗传多样性.对所有居群进行聚类,可聚为6类,其中大部分来自相同或相似生态地理环境的居群聚为一类;对不同生态地理类群基于Nei氏无偏估计的遗传一致度的聚类分析表明,各生态地理类群间的遗传分化与其所处的生态地理环境具有一定的相关性;而UPGMA聚类分析结果表明SRAP标记技术能较真实地反映纤毛鹅观草居群间的亲缘关系,可以用于纤毛鹅观草遗传多样性研究.     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

离散混沌系统在保密通信中的应用

基于混沌信号的特点,利用混沌系统的同步来进行保密通信的研究.设计出了多级混沌调制系统,增大信息被破译的难度.同时设置伪信号,对于接收端而言,伪信号包含了同步所需要的发射端的状态变量.本文对该方法进行详细的理论说明和论证,数值仿真显示了方法的有效性;对于实际中存在的噪声也进行讨论,说明了设计的保密通信原理有一定的鲁棒性.     

Angular dependent NEXAFS study of the molecular orientation of PTCDA multilayers on Au （111） surface

The molecular orientation of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (PTCDA) multilayers adsorbed on Au (111) surface has been investigated using angular dependent O K-edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The significant angular dependence of important resonant structures (π* and σ*) reveals that PTCDA molecules adopt an ordered geometry on the substrate surface. The average tilt angle of the PTCDA molecular planes is 27°±10° from the Au (111) surface.     

Evaluation of humic acid removal by a flat submerged membrane photoreactor

A flat submerged membrane combined with a TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor (FSMPR) was employed in batch mode to remove humic acid (HA). HA removal efficiency was characterized by UV 254 absorbance, UV-vis spectra, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The FSMPR process was effective in removing more than 86% of DOC and nearly 100% of UV 254 absorbance, while the THMFPs of samples were reduced to < 19 μ g/L after 150 min of treatment. In addition, changes in transmembrane pressure (TMP) with and without UV were evaluated; TiO 2 /UV was effective at controlling membrane fouling by HA. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW) distributions and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra of HAs revealed that the effectiveness in membrane fouling control is a result of changes in HA molecular characteristics. The TiO 2 /UV photocatalytic reactor caused the degradation of high MW, hydrophobic humic-like molecules to low MW, hydrophilic protein-like molecules, although this fraction was not completely removed during 150 min of treatment and was less responsible for membrane fouling.