清末民国免费师范生制度引起的思考

从清末民国的免费师范生制度的具体内容,尤其是有关服务期问题的相关政策,以及这一制度施行的实际效果和存在的问题,有助于更好的完善当今的免费师范教育的角度,主要通过考察清末民国时期的免费师范生制度及存在问题,探讨其为当今免费师范教育留下的极具借鉴意义的经验教训,从而为当今免费师范生制度的改进提出一些建议。     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.     

民勤连古城国家级自然保护区管理存在的问题与对策

概述了民勤连古城国家级自然保护区特殊的生态区位的重要性,总结了该保护区在建设初级阶段的生态环境和动植物资源现状,从法律体系、执法体系、管理体系、科研体系、基础建设、产业开发等方面分析了保护区管理存在的问题,着重在以法治区、宣传教育、自然保护、社区共管和资金投入等方面提出了对策与建议。     

一种曲线形态的描述与识别方法及其应用

为准确描述与识别时间序列曲线形态,根据曲线段类型定义了5个语素和1个通配符,进而定义语素向量及通配符向量,使得对曲线的描述具有层次性.据此将任意时间序列曲线转变为对应的二维表,二维表第二列组成的字符串能够进行初级的模板匹配,二维表各行所代表的向量增强了语素关系运算的能力,可实现较深入的模式识别.在经典回溯法的启发下设计了一种属性约束下的带通配符字符串匹配算法,并以基于感应线圈信号曲线的车型分类为例,验证了所提出的方法的有效性和合理性.     

老子“不尚贤”与墨子“尚贤”的比较及其意义

老子"不尚贤"的人才思想与墨子的"尚贤"观相比,其实质上是一致的,比起墨子,老子的思维显示了更高的道德水准,更加具有哲学思维的深度与智慧。其中所蕴含的辩证法思想与自然、无为、不争等美德,对于当代建设与完善科学合理的人才制度,构建社会主义和谐社会,有着积极的启示意义,值得我们在社会实践中借鉴。     

烧结熔剂的活性度和显微结构研究

通过活性度实验和显微结构分析对国丰钢铁有限公司常用的3种烧结熔剂(生石灰、白云石和石灰石)进行基础性能研究。结果表明,3种熔剂的活性度均不是很好,生石灰熔剂的活性度实测值显著低于其理论值,石灰石熔剂的活性度高于白云石熔剂的活性度;白云石和石灰石熔剂的最佳煅烧温度都在1300℃左右;3种熔剂的杂质含量较多,且分布不均匀,降低了熔剂的有效含量和活性度。     

高校图书馆纸质外文期刊利用率及其需求分析

以中国石油大学（北京）图书馆为例,通过调查馆藏纸质外刊利用的情况,详细探讨了提高高校图书馆纸质外刊利用率的对策。     

我国肿瘤生物学专业建设的思考

介绍了美国肿瘤生物学专业的博士生培养方案,该方案是经过来自于50多个院校及医学中心的肿瘤生物学系主任或专业负责人的审议而取得的共识.同时,本文也概述了肿瘤生物学专业在我国的现状,并提出该专业及相关学位点建设的一点建议.     

一种应变重构点插值无网格方法(SC-PIM)

将有限元法(FEM)和基于节点的光滑点插值方法(NS-PIM)相结合,提出一种应变重构点插值无网格方法(SC-PIM).通过引入可调参数,假设应变场为协调应变和光滑应变的线性组合,讨论了SC-PIM的收敛性、上下界特性及超收敛性.     

Off-line dictionary attack on password-based authenticated key exchange protocols

In 2010,Lee et al proposed two simple and efficient three-party password-authenticated key exchange protocols that had been proven secure in the random oracle model.They argued that the two protocols could resist offline dictionary attacks.Indeed,the provable approach did not provide protection against off-line dictionary attacks.This paper shows that the two protocols are vulnerable to off-line dictionary attacks in the presence of an inside attacker because of an authentication flaw.This study conducts a detailed analysis on the flaw in the protocols and also shows how to eliminate the security flaw.