浅谈青藏高原高含冰量冻土路基施工

文章介绍了青藏铁路格拉段第八标段高含冰量冻土路基工程的施工特点,针对高含冰量冻土所采取的保护措施,即片石通风路基的施工技术作了主要介绍,同时,以实际施工为例,对路基的施工工艺、质量和环境保护所采取的措施也作了一定的说明。     

浅谈青藏高原高含冰量冻土路基施工

文章介绍了青藏铁路格拉段第八标段高舍冰量冻土路基工程的施工特点,针时高含冰量冻土所采取的保护措施,即片石通风路基的施工技术作了主要介绍,同时,以实际施工为例,对路基的施工工艺、质量和环境保护所采取的措施也作了一定的说明.     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)R551-3四环素抗性消除的研究

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌可共代谢降解烟碱类农药吡虫啉,并且对多种抗生素具有抗性.本文通过电穿孔法消除了该菌的四环素抗性,获得了四环素敏感型菌株R551-3Tcr-,可以用作遗传转化系统的受体菌,能被转化吸收遗传载体质粒pJB866H::ndhSL,构成一对很好的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌遗传转化系统.同时HPLC结果表明所获得的四环素敏感型菌株羟基化吡虫啉的活性并未发生改变,为进一步开展敲除和回补共代谢途径关键酶的研究工作奠定了基础.     

Progress on gecko-inspired micro/nano-adhesion arrays

Gecko’s excellent adhesion ability is thought to derive from van der Waals force generated between the millions of keratinous hairs/setae and the contact surface. Fabricating highly gecko-inspired foot-hair becomes one of the key technologies to realize the three-dimensional-obstacle-free motion of robot. Researchers have fabricated various gecko-like foot-hair arrays which have leaning, large end, and hierarchical structures. Those significant works are summarized and suggestions for future work are proposed in this paper.     

Locomotion behavior and dynamics of geckos freely moving on the ceiling

To understand the mechanical interactions when geckos move on ceiling and to obtain an inspiration on the controlling strategy of gecko-like robot, we measured the ceiling reaction force (CRF) of freely moving geckos on ceiling substrate by a 3-dimensional force measuring array and simultaneously recorded the locomotion behaviors by a high speed camera. CRF and the preload force (F_P) generated by the geckos were obtained and the functions and the differences between forces generated by fore- and hind- feet were discussed. The results showed that the speed of gecko moving on the ceiling was 0.17–0.48 m/s, all of the fore- and hind-legs pulled toward the body center. When geckos attached on the ceiling incipiently, the feet generated a very small incipient F_P and this fine F_P could bring about enough adhesive normal force and tangential force to make the gecko moving on ceiling safely .The F_P of the fore-feet is larger than that of the hind-feet. The lateral CRF of the fore-feet is almost the same as that of the hind-feet’s. The fore-aft CRF generated by the fore-feet directed to the motion direction and drove their locomotion, but the force generated by the hind-feet directed against the motion direction. The normal CRF of fore- and hind-feet accounted for 73.4% and 60.6% of the body weight respectively. Measurements show that the fore-aft CRF is obviously lager than the lateral and normal CRF and plays a major role in promoting the fore-feet, while the hind-feet of the main role are to provide a smooth movement. The results indicate that due to the differences of the locomotion function of each foot between different surfaces, the gecko can freely move on ceiling surfaces, which inspires the structure designing, gait planning and control developing for gecko-like robot.     

Determining factors in potential evapotranspiration changes over China in the period 1971–2008

Potential evapotranspiration (ET_o) is important to hydrological cycling and the global energy balance. Based on a modified FAO56-Penman-Monteith model, ET_o was simulated for 603 meteorological stations across China in the period 1971–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal change of ET_o were characterized, and the determining factors in ET_o were revealed by sensitivity analysis. Results show obvious regional differences in annual average ET_o and its determining factor. In general, annual average ET_o decreased in the period 1971–2008, but increased since the 1990s. Wind speed and sunshine duration were determining factors in the annual ET_o trend, with smaller contributions from relative humidity and temperature. Declining wind speed was the determining factor in decreasing annual ET_o in northern temperate regions and the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial extent of wind speed influence contracted to northwest China in summer, and expanded to the whole country in autumn. Decreasing sunshine duration was the determining factor in decreasing annual ET_o in subtropical and tropical regions, especially in summer, with a larger spatial influence mainly to the southeast of the farming-pastoral region. ET_o change has distinct impacts on earth surface ecosystems and environment depending on different determining factors.     

大岩湾高速铁路隧道岩爆综合分析预测

针对沪昆高速铁路大岩湾隧道埋深大、岩性脆而坚硬的特点,选取隧道典型断面进行了水压致裂地应力原位测试,获得了实测深度范围内地应力的大小和方向。为对隧道全线进行岩爆预测预警,在地应力测试的基础上,采用弹性应变能指数法、应力强度比法、有限元反演法对隧道岩爆进行分析。最后,以大岩湾隧道地应力条件、岩性特征、围岩结构特征、地下水条件四个方面为基本条件,对隧道岩爆进行了综合分析预测。结果表明:该综合预测方法的准确度较以往单一的岩爆预测方法有了很大提高,对隧道岩爆预测预警有很好的实际指导意义。     

Brazing 6061 aluminum alloy with Al-Si-Zn filler metals containing Sr

Al-6.5Si-42Zn and Al-6.5Si-42Zn-0.09Sr filler metals were used for brazing 6061 aluminum alloy. Air cooling and water cooling were applied after brazing. Si phase morphologies in the brazing alloy and the brazed joints were investigated. It was found that zinc in the Al-Si filler metals could reduce the formation of eutectic Al-Si phase and lower the brazing temperature at about 520℃. Adding 0.09wt% Sr element into the Al-6.5Si-42Zn alloy caused α-Al phase refinement and transformed acicular Si phase into the finely fiber-like. After water cooling, Zn element dissolved into the Al-Si eutectic area, and η-Zn phase disappeared in the brazed joints. Tensile strength testing results showed that the Sr-modified filler metal could enhance the strength of the brazed joints by 13% than Al-12Si, while water-cooling further improved the strength at 144 MPa.     

数据驱动流程生产线的云服务

流程生产线集成了多种复杂的设备与生产工艺,承担着大规模的生产任务,大量的生产线数据汇集与频繁的工况变化超出了技术人员掌控能力,严重制约了生产效率。通过对生产现场工况与需求分析,提出了建立工业物联网的解决方案,通过聚集各种专业工具,对流程型生产线的数据在线分析,为生产现场提供实时的云服务,解决生产过程中的专业技术难题,帮助企业提升管理水平与生产能效。     

Effect of 6H-SiC crystal growth shapes on thermo-elastic stress in the growing crystal

The effect of 6H-SiC crystal growth shapes on the thermo-elastic stress distribution in the growing crystal was systematically investigated by using a finite element method. The thermo-elastic stress distribution in the crystal with a flat growth shape was more homogeneous than that in the crystals with concave and convex growth shapes, and the value of thermo-elasticity in the crystal with a flat growth shape was also smaller than that in the two other types of crystals. The maximum values of thermo-elastic stress appeared at interfaces between the crystal and the graphite lid. If the lid was of the same properties as 6H-SiC, the thermo-elastic stress would decrease in two orders of magnitude. Thus, to grow 6H-SiC single crystals of high quality, a transition layer of SiC formed by deposition or reaction is suggested; meanwhile the thermal field in the growth chamber should be adjusted to maintain the crystals with flat growth shapes.