A ground‐level ozone forecasting model for Santiago,Chile

A physically based model for ground‐level ozone forecasting is evaluated for Santiago, Chile. The model predicts the daily peak ozone concentration, with the daily rise of air temperature as input variable; weekends and rainy days appear as interventions. This model was used to analyse historical data, using the Linear Transfer Function/Finite Impulse Response (LTF/FIR) formalism; the Simultaneous Transfer Function (STF) method was used to analyse several monitoring stations together. Model evaluation showed a good forecasting performance across stations—for low and high ozone impacts—with power of detection (POD) values between 70 and 100%, Heidke's Skill Scores between 40% and 70% and low false alarm rates (FAR). The model consistently outperforms a pure persistence forecast. Model performance was not sensitive to different implementation options. The model performance degrades for two‐ and three‐days ahead forecast, but is still acceptable for the purpose of developing an environmental warning system at Santiago. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanism for the learning deficits in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is one of the most common single-gene disorders that causes learning deficits in humans. Mice carrying a heterozygous null mutation of the Nfl gene (Nfl(+/-) show important features of the learning deficits associated with NF1 (ref. 2). Although neurofibromin has several known properties and functions, including Ras GTPase-activating protein activity, adenylyl cyclase modulation and microtubule binding, it is unclear which of these are essential for learning in mice and humans. Here we show that the learning deficits of Nf1(+/-) mice can be rescued by genetic and pharmacological manipulations that decrease Ras function. We also show that the Nf1(+/-) mice have increased GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)-mediated inhibition and specific deficits in long-term potentiation, both of which can be reversed by decreasing Ras function. Our results indicate that the learning deficits associated with NF1 may be caused by excessive Ras activity, which leads to impairments in long-term potentiation caused by increased GABA-mediated inhibition. Our findings have implications for the development of treatments for learning deficits associated with NF1.     

The failing heart.

Cardiomyopathies are disorders affecting heart muscle that usually result in inadequate pumping of the heart. They are the most common cause of heart failure and each year kill more than 10,000 people in the United States. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in this group of conditions, with knowledge of the genetic basis for cardiomyopathies perhaps seeing the largest advance, enabling clinicians to devise improved diagnostic strategies and preparing the stage for new therapies.     

A calcium sensor in the sodium channel modulates cardiac excitability.

Sodium channels are principal molecular determinants responsible for myocardial conduction and maintenance of the cardiac rhythm. Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a fundamental role in the coupling of cardiac myocyte excitation and contraction, yet mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ may directly modulate Na channel function have yet to be identified. Here we show that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous Ca2+-sensing protein, binds to the carboxy-terminal 'IQ' domain of the human cardiac Na channel (hH1) in a Ca2+-dependent manner. This binding interaction significantly enhances slow inactivation-a channel-gating process linked to life-threatening idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias. Mutations targeted to the IQ domain disrupted CaM binding and eliminated Ca2+/CaM-dependent slow inactivation, whereas the gating effects of Ca2+/CaM were restored by intracellular application of a peptide modelled after the IQ domain. A naturally occurring mutation (A1924T) in the IQ domain altered hH1 function in a manner characteristic of the Brugada arrhythmia syndrome, but at the same time inhibited slow inactivation induced by Ca2+/CaM, yielding a clinically benign (arrhythmia free) phenotype.     

随机Benjamin-Ono 方程初值问题及对河口区域生物分布的应用

该文对具梯度耦合噪声的随机Benjamin-Ono 方程（以下简记为B-O方程）的初值问题导出了解得积分表达式，并将它应用于河口区域生物分布问题，得到了一维空间的分布表达式。     

对乙酰氨基酚与β-环糊精包合方法的研究

本文采用饱和水溶液和固体研磨两种方法制备对乙酰氨基酚与β-环糊精的包合物，将两种方法进行比较发现，两种包合方法均形成包合物，且最佳摩尔比为1：3。但从工艺角度和收率考虑，固体研磨法有很大的优势。     

几种新型含氰废水净化剂的研制

用膨润土和高岭土为原料，讨论了膨润土吸附剂的改性方法，制备了系列含氰废水净化剂，进行了废水处理实验，测定了净化后水样含氰量，绘制了净化剂用量与CN^-去除率关系曲线。研究发现，经复合改性的膨润土净水效果最好。当投加1％的改性膨润土，CN^-去除率可达80％以上，并讨论了膨润土的结构与改性机理。为含CN^-离子废水处理提供了有价值的参考依据。     

NI-LAB虚拟组态控制实验室的研制

本文利用虚拟仪器技术,采用了LabVIEW图形编程环境,以数字可编程调节器为原型开发了一套虚拟组态控制实验室,介绍了系统实现的功能、基本组成、软件的设计思想和设计方法以及硬件的选取使用,最后给出具体的演示实例,结果表明,LabVIEW以其强大的硬件驱动、图形显示能力和便捷的快速程序设计为过程控制提供了优秀的解决方案.     

热力学分析在连续镀锌过程中的应用

热力学分析结合相图研究可用于解决生产实际问题。在连续镀锌过程中，锌液中铝是一种很重要的添加元素。它对镀锌质量有直接的影响。但锌池中铝含量的测量与控制还存在困难。在对Fe-Zn-Al三元体系Fe溶解度曲线的热力学分析的基础上，用Matlab编制了事家图形用户界面的程序，把热力学分析应用于计算锌池中的有效铝含量，将有助于热镀锌工业实现对铝含量的控制。     

Studies on the Dd antigen-antibody system. I. The nature of antigen Dd and its antibodies

Summary The nature of antigen Dd, an antigen present in the extracts of human dandruff which precipitates human sera selectively, and antibodies reacting with it are reported.This work was supported through U.G.C. Grant No. F.23-230/75/SR II. H.K. participated in this study, first as J.R.F. of U.G.C. and then as S.R.F. of I.C.M.R. We are grateful to Dr Baruch S. Blumberg for his invaluable suggestions and to Professor H. Walter for the gift of IgG, IgM and IgA immune sera.