综合进化论的发展现状

本文论述了综合进化论的形成和发展的几个主要阶段.着重介绍了综合进化论的发展现状和面临的挑战,并对其研究趋势进行了探讨.     

贮存多种货物的储存系统中的最优调度问题

本文研究存货控制中贮存多种货物，货物单价和仓库系统输出量随时间变化及存在“数量折扣”等情况下的存货控制问题．本文采用了一动态规划算法解决上述问题，算法的复杂性是Ｏ（ｎ２）．     

Colloidal nanocrystal heterostructures with linear and branched topology

The development of colloidal quantum dots has led to practical applications of quantum confinement, such as in solution-processed solar cells, lasers and as biological labels. Further scientific and technological advances should be achievable if these colloidal quantum systems could be electronically coupled in a general way. For example, this was the case when it became possible to couple solid-state embedded quantum dots into quantum dot molecules. Similarly, the preparation of nanowires with linear alternating compositions--another form of coupled quantum dots--has led to the rapid development of single-nanowire light-emitting diodes and single-electron transistors. Current strategies to connect colloidal quantum dots use organic coupling agents, which suffer from limited control over coupling parameters and over the geometry and complexity of assemblies. Here we demonstrate a general approach for fabricating inorganically coupled colloidal quantum dots and rods, connected epitaxially at branched and linear junctions within single nanocrystals. We achieve control over branching and composition throughout the growth of nanocrystal heterostructures to independently tune the properties of each component and the nature of their interactions. Distinct dots and rods are coupled through potential barriers of tuneable height and width, and arranged in three-dimensional space at well-defined angles and distances. Such control allows investigation of potential applications ranging from quantum information processing to artificial photosynthesis.     

一个动态二进制翻译系统的设计与实现

目的 使原有航空电子系统机载计算机软件能在新升级的高性能处理器上应用,并引出二进制翻译技术。方法 采用在新处理器上建虚拟机的方法,应用动态翻译技术,从原软件被编译过的二进制可执行目标代码出发,得到新处理器环境下的可执行代码。结果 解决了航空计算机升级换代中的关键问题,实现了一个为满足新型航电系统处理器升级而研制的动态二进制翻译系统(BTASUP系统),最后提出了二进制翻译技术目前尚未突破的一些领域和未来的发展。结论 该系统具有非常重要的工程价值。     

Concentrations of “elemental carbon” in samples from the Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian and the possibility of their application in the development of evidence for the use of fire by humans

Elemental carbon?EC) is a C-rich, O-H-S-N-depleted substance that is necessarily produced in the process of combustion. Due to the logn-term use of fire by cave-inhabiting ape-men, considerable amounts of 揺lemen-tal carbon?would be necessarily left behind in the corre-sponding strata inside the cave. The sepaation of EC was effected by the chemical method and the contents of carbon were determined on an element analyser and a self-made measuring system. The concentration of Ec in the hearth,the exhibited ash samples collected from near the hearth un-earthed in the 1930s, and the three samples of accumulated material collected from the tenth bed are 43.74%, 1.77%,3.88%,1.87% and 1.11%,respectively; those of the equivalent samples from the tenth bed outside the cave and samples from the fourth and seventh beds are at least one order of magnitude lower than the former抯. The above re-sults show that the sampling location of the tenth bed may be close to the hearth. Sampling over a wider range may lead to the finding of a location where the concentrations of EC are corresponding to the maximum values of EC in the hearth. The determination and study of EC may provide new evi-dence for the use of fire by Peking Man.     

易用性--人性化设计的首要因素

如今有些产品的设计偏离了人性化设计原则,片面追求功能或造型却不易使用,给我们的生产和生活造成不便.为了尽量避免设计中非人性化因素的出现,应强化产品"易用性"在设计中的地位.提高产品易用性必须坚持以消费者为中心的设计,以消费者的需求为基础,注重产品的可视性,建立正确的匹配关系,强化限制性设计,合理利用标准化.     

影响外语课堂教学的文化因素探讨

通过问卷调查、课堂观察等形式的英语课堂教学研究表明,应当高度重视影响外语课堂教学的文化因素,因为这些因素具有内在的、不可忽视的作用。外语教学中纯粹的"拿来主义"是不可行的,在引进国外先进的教材与教学方法时,应尊重并结合本国文化的特点,对之进行适当的调整和改造。     

对"矛盾"、"对立"范畴的再认识

韩非的“矛盾”富言属于逻辑矛盾。他的“矛盾”思想则是非此即彼、非彼即此,二者必居其一。这种仅仅在对立两极中的思维方法并非完全正确。哲学上的辩证关系,借用“矛盾”、“对立”范畴来表述,也不十分恰当,因为矛与盾不是对立的双方,而辩证关系也应包括对立统一、鼎立统一、多立统一。所以我们必须确立立体矛盾观,即对立面-中介-对立面,或正中反矛盾论,或同异反分析法。     

位移连续变更与极限状态函数的连续生成

基于我国《建筑结构设计统一标准》的极限状态设计原则,结构物不允许出现影响正常使用的外观变形,提出了刚架结构位移连续变更方法·用数值分析与递推公式相结合的方法,实现连续变更结构的变形极限状态函数的连续生成·重分析不必重新形成结构刚度矩阵,不必反复求逆矩阵,使得识别系统主要失效模式的方法得以简化,有效地提高了计算时效,并为刚度可靠性分析提供了新方法·算例验证了方法的正确性及实用性·