Foods and feeding periodicity of the White River Springfish, Crenichthys baileyi

White River springfish collected in August and December 1966 from Hot Creek Spring, Nevada, fed primarily on amphipods, ostracods, plant fragments, and detritus. Compostition of the diet was similar in both months. However, amphipods were the most important food in August, while in December amphipods, ostacods, plant fragments, and detritus were of approximately equal importance. Comparison of diel feeding periodicity and activity patterns suggests that most of the daily activity of White River springfish is related to feeding.     

Food habits of young-of-year largemouth bass in Lake Mead and Lake Mohave, Arizona-Nevada

Young-of-year largemouth bass from lakes Mead and Mohave fed upon crustacean zooplankton, insects (primarily chironomids), and fish. Largemouth bass smaller than 32 mm TL fed extensively upon zooplankton. In Lake Mead, transition to an insect-dominated diet occurred at 32 mm TL; transition to an insect-fish—dominated diet did not occur in Lake Mohave until a length of 56 mm was reached. Largemouth bass from Lake Mohave consumed significantly more zooplankton than did those from Lake Mead, but largemouth bass from Lake Mead consumed significantly more insects. Fish were most common in the diet of young-of-year largemouth bass larger than 52 mm TL.     

Revitalizing the Concept of Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI) from a Systemic Perspective: Objectives,Policy Types,and Impact Mechanisms

Systemic Practice and Action Research - Recently, demand-side innovation policies for securing new driving-force for economic growth centered on developed countries, especially on the importance of...     

HLA基因多态性与法医学

人类白细胞抗原,简称HLA,基因定位于人类第6号染色体短臂上,是人类最复杂的显形多态遗传系统,基因型可达108之多,在法医学物证鉴定中有着广泛的应用前景,是理想的人类遗传学标记.本文就其基因多态性的研究进展和在法医学中的应用作一综述.     

Peripheral SMN restoration is essential for long-term rescue of a severe spinal muscular atrophy mouse model

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease and the leading genetic cause of infant mortality; it results from loss-of-function mutations in the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. Humans have a paralogue, SMN2, whose exon 7 is predominantly skipped, but the limited amount of functional, full-length SMN protein expressed from SMN2 cannot fully compensate for a lack of SMN1. SMN is important for the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, but downstream splicing targets involved in pathogenesis remain elusive. There is no effective SMA treatment, but SMN restoration in spinal cord motor neurons is thought to be necessary and sufficient. Non-central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, including cardiovascular defects, were recently reported in severe SMA mouse models and patients, reflecting autonomic dysfunction or direct effects in cardiac tissues. Here we compared systemic versus CNS restoration of SMN in a severe mouse model. We used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), ASO-10-27, that effectively corrects SMN2 splicing and restores SMN expression in motor neurons after intracerebroventricular injection. Systemic administration of ASO-10-27 to neonates robustly rescued severe SMA mice, much more effectively than intracerebroventricular administration; subcutaneous injections extended the median lifespan by 25 fold. Furthermore, neonatal SMA mice had decreased hepatic Igfals expression, leading to a pronounced reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and ASO-10-27 treatment restored IGF1 to normal levels. These results suggest that the liver is important in SMA pathogenesis, underscoring the importance of SMN in peripheral tissues, and demonstrate the efficacy of a promising drug candidate.     

新型冠状病毒复制依赖基因MTHFD1的表达及功能

【目的】研究新型冠状病毒(SARS CoV 2)复制依赖基因MTHFD1在人群间的功能差异以及该基因与病毒蛋白的相互作用关系。【方法】使用千人基因组计划和gnomAD数据库,系统分析MTHFD1基因的重要功能变异(包括有害错义变异和eQTL变异)在世界不同人群间的分布。并进一步通过蛋白互作数据库STRING和IntAct,以及手工文献检索,寻找与MTHFD1蛋白有相互作用的其他蛋白。【结果】MTHFD1基因上有419个错义突变,其中有害变异195个;大部分的有害变异都是低频的,唯一的例外是变异位点rs10813,它在全世界总人群中等位基因频率大于001且该位点在物种间具有保守性。此外,在肺组织中发现了1个MTHFD1基因的eQTL变异(rs57087457),该位点在东亚人群中具有更低的等位基因频率,说明在东亚人群中MTHFD1基因可能具有较高表达水平。通过蛋白相互作用研究,发现GGH,ACSL3,MAT2B,ARF6,CUL2,BRD4等6个蛋白与MTHFD1蛋白存在蛋白互作。【结论】在不同人群中,MTHFD1存在天然抗性变异,这些变异的等位基因频率在人群间存在差异,可能对新型冠状病毒的易感性和感染后症状有影响;蛋白互作研究结果则提示MTHFD1基因在新型冠状病毒感染细胞中发挥了多种功能。