The molecular organization of cypovirus polyhedra

Cypoviruses and baculoviruses are notoriously difficult to eradicate because the virus particles are embedded in micrometre-sized protein crystals called polyhedra. The remarkable stability of polyhedra means that, like bacterial spores, these insect viruses remain infectious for years in soil. The environmental persistence of polyhedra is the cause of significant losses in silkworm cocoon harvests but has also been exploited against pests in biological alternatives to chemical insecticides. Although polyhedra have been extensively characterized since the early 1900s, their atomic organization remains elusive. Here we describe the 2 A crystal structure of both recombinant and infectious silkworm cypovirus polyhedra determined using crystals 5-12 micrometres in diameter purified from insect cells. These are the smallest crystals yet used for de novo X-ray protein structure determination. We found that polyhedra are made of trimers of the viral polyhedrin protein and contain nucleotides. Although the shape of these building blocks is reminiscent of some capsid trimers, polyhedrin has a new fold and has evolved to assemble in vivo into three-dimensional cubic crystals rather than icosahedral shells. The polyhedrin trimers are extensively cross-linked in polyhedra by non-covalent interactions and pack with an exquisite molecular complementarity similar to that of antigen-antibody complexes. The resulting ultrastable and sealed crystals shield the virus particles from environmental damage. The structure suggests that polyhedra can serve as the basis for the development of robust and versatile nanoparticles for biotechnological applications such as microarrays and biopesticides.     

基于线性化误差模型的自适应控制系统设计

本文提出了一种基于线性化误差模型的自适应控制系统。该控制系统首先为非线性过程建立一个ARX模型与一个基于神经模糊系统的线性化误差模型组成的合成模型,然后再引入单神经元控制器,利用线性ARX模型输出和系统输出值之间的误差以及被控制过程的合成模型的梯度信息对控制器参数进行在线调节,从而获得较好的控制结果。最后,将提出的基于线性化误差模型的自适应控制系统用于简单不可逆放热反应的连续搅拌型化学反应器CSTR中,并和传统的PID控制器进行比较。仿真结果表明,这种基于线性化误差模型的自适应控制和PID控制器相比,具有更快的响应速度。     

海金沙孢子体快速繁殖体系的建立

以海金沙孢子叶为材料进行了繁殖研究,得出孢子叶分化为GGB的最佳条件为MS+NAA 0.3mg/L+6-BA0.5 mg/L,诱导率达90%;GGB增殖分化形成幼苗的最佳条件为MS+6-BA1.5mg/+NaH₂PO₄200mg/L,增值系数达7.8;生根培养基最佳条件为1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L+2%蔗糖,生根率达86.7%或者是1/2 MS+IBA0.2 mg/L+2%蔗糖生根率为87%;炼苗移栽到珍珠岩:草炭=2:1的基质中,成活率达87.5%.能在短期内生产出大量海金沙组培苗,为工厂化育苗提供依据.     

Two new susceptibility loci for Kawasaki disease identified through genome-wide association analysis

To find new candidate loci predisposing individuals to Kawasaki disease, an acute vasculitis that affects children, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 622 individuals with Kawasaki disease (cases) and 1,107 controls in a Han Chinese population residing in Taiwan, with replication in an independent Han Chinese sample of 261 cases and 550 controls. We report two new loci, one at BLK (encoding B-lymphoid tyrosine kinase) and one at CD40, that are associated with Kawasaki disease at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). Our findings may lead to a better understanding of the role of immune activation and inflammation in Kawasaki disease pathogenesis.     

固化淤泥渗透性的微观分析

淤泥掺入水泥固化后,水化等化学反应生成的水化产物填充了土颗粒间的孔隙,改变了淤泥的微观孔隙结构,从而改变了其渗透特性。使用柔性壁渗透仪测定不同初始含水率及不同的水泥掺量下的固化淤泥的渗透系数,并使用压汞法研究其微观孔隙结构。试验表明:随着水泥掺量的增加、初始含水率降低,固化淤泥的渗透系数逐渐降低;固化淤泥的孔径分布曲线呈单峰分布,定义其峰值对应的孔径为最可几孔径,则随着固化淤泥渗透系数的降低,最可几孔径逐渐减小,即小孔隙数量增多,两者具有良好的相关性。     

Cenozoic stratigraphy of Taiwan: Window into rifting, stratigraphy and paleoceanography of South China Sea

Shallow marine sequences of the northern South China Sea (SCS) are uplifted and exposed by plate convergence in the Taiwan mountain belt. These deposits provide detailed geological information about the rifting event, stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleoclimate and paleoceanography of the shallow SCS to compare with what are recorded in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. Seismic surveys and marine micropalentological studies show that Eocene sequences in the offshore Taiwan Strait and onland Taiwan mountain belt are all deposited in rifting basins and are covered unconformably by the Late Oligocene-Neogene post-rifting strata. Between syn-rifting and post-rifting sequences, there is a regional break-up unconformity throughout the island. Early Oligocene and Late Eocene strata are missing along the break-up unconformity equivalent to the T7 unconformity in the Pearl River Mouth Basin off south China. This may suggest that the SCS oceanic crust could have initiated between 33 and 39 Ma. Neither obvious stratigraphic gap nor slumping features are found in the Oligocene-Miocene transition interval of Taiwan. This observation highly contrasts with what has been documented from the ODP 1148 deep-sea core. This suggests that the stratigraphic gap and slumping features could only be recorded in the SCS deep sea region, but not in the shallow shelf near Taiwan. Compared to the Middle Miocene paleoceanographic re-organization events in the SCS deep sea, the geological history of the Taiwan shallow sequence shows changes of in sedimentation and faunal composition. Due to the Antarctic glacial expansion at~14 Ma, Middle to late Miocene strata of the Western Foothills show progressive regression sedimentations associated with a decrease of benthic foraminif-eral abundance and a sharp faunal turnover event. Many Early-Middle Miocene endemic benthic foraminifers were extinct in 14-13 Ma and new benthic foraminifers of the Kuroshio Current fauna appeared from 10.2 Ma, comparable with new occurrence of Modern benthic foraminifers at 9 Ma in the Java Sea area. This reveals that the Western Boundary Kuroshio Current in the North Pacific could initiate from 10-9 Ma due to closures of the Indo-Pacific seaways by convergent tectonics between the Australian Continent and the Indonesian Arc in 12-8 Ma. Subduction of the SCS oceanic lithosphere since the Middle Miocene resulted in formation of the Hengchun Ridge accretionary prism and the North Luzon Arc. Occurrence of these two bathymetric highs ( 2400 m) since the Middle Miocene and closures of the inter-arc passages in the North Luzon arc in the last 3.5 Ma would control the water exchanges between the West Pacific and the deep SCS. Accordingly, the tectonic evolution in the Central Range-Hengchun Peninsula accretionary prism and the arc-forearc Coastal Range not only control directly the route for water exchanges between the West Pacific and the SCS, but also indirectly shows a great influence on the geochemistry of deep SCS waters. The latter is best shown by much negative carbon isotope values of benthic foraminifers in the ODP 1148 deep-sea core than the West Pacific records in the last 14 Ma.     

苹果和白梨的属间杂交研究

用杂交种胚离体培养的方法可获得大量的苹果和白梨的属间杂交幼苗。对其进行根尖染色体检查和叶、茎的过氧化物酶同工酶带分析。证实杂交种胚苗是二倍体（２ｎ＝３４），并具有其双亲的基本酶带。     

含氧、氮席夫碱-3d-金属配合物的研究(Ⅰ)——2,4-二羟基苯甲醛-缩氨基脲及其铜(Ⅱ)的金属配合物的合成与表征

本文报导了2,4—二羟基苯甲醛——缩氨基脲及其铜的金属配合物。它的化学组成由元素分析和红外光谱表征。     

双回路非接触式温度传感器的研制

在研制双回路非接触式温度传感器的过程中,出现了许多问题,例如:信号间的耦合和隔离、噪声干扰以及机械误差的影响等等。本文对这些问题进行了分析并给出了具体的结构图和多组数据。这样通过适当的调试和数据处理,这些传感器便能对信号进行有效的耦合,对噪声进行有效的抑制,从而保证传感器在工业实际中得以正常应用。     

Nucleotide sequence evidence for relationship of AIDS retrovirus to lentiviruses

Lentiviruses are a subfamily of retroviruses which have been aetiologically linked to the induction of arthritis, encephalitis, progressive pneumonia and slow neurological diseases in certain species. Relatively little is known about their genome structure, mechanisms of pathogenesis or evolutionary relationships with other retroviral subfamilies. In an effort to understand better the mechanisms by which these viruses induce such a variety of chronic diseases, we have molecularly cloned and physically characterized the genomes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) (A.Y. et al., in preparation). The latter, which bears some morphological similarity to the lentiviruses, has yet to be classified definitively as one. Here, we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a highly conserved region within the CAEV and EIAV pol genes. We demonstrate a much closer relationship of their predicted pol gene products to that of the presumed aetiological agent of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) than to those of other retroviruses. Additional pairwise comparisons allowed us to generate an evolutionary tree showing that the pol genes of lentiviruses and oncoviruses have evolved from a common progenitor.