Leaching behavior of V,Pb, Cd,Cr, and As from stone coal waste rock with different particle sizes

This paper investigates the leaching behavior of heavy metals (V, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) from stone coal waste rocks with various particle sizes using dynamic leaching experiments. The results show that the dissolved concentrations of V and As initially increased and then slightly decreased as time progressed and that the dissolved concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were high in the early stage before decreasing. The particle size of the stone coal waste rocks strongly influenced the heavy metal concentration in the leaching solutions. The effects of the particle size of the stone coal waste rocks on the dissolved concentrations of V, Pb, and As decreased in the order fine fraction > medium fraction > coarse fraction, and the effects of particle size on the dissolved concentrations of Cr and Cd decreased in the order medium fraction > coarse fraction > fine fraction and coarse fraction > medium fraction > fine fraction, respectively. The quantities of heavy metals dissolved from the stone coal waste rock with fine particle sizes were observed to decrease in the order V (17104.36 μg/kg) > As (609.41 μg/kg) > Pb (469.24 μg/kg) > Cr (56.35 μg/kg) > Cd (27.52 μg/kg), and the dissolution rates decreased in the order As (2.96%) > Pb (0.93%) > V (0.35%) > Cd (0.25%) > Cr (0.01%). The specific surface area, pore size of the stone coal waste rocks, and chemical forms of heavy metals also influenced the release of heavy metals from the stone coal waste rocks. Kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution of heavy metals fundamentally agreed with the rate equation controlled by the shrinking core model. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the evaluation of heavy metals contamination from stone coal waste rocks.     

角膜生物力学特性研究进展

 角膜的光学功能与其形态结构紧密相联,角膜形态的异常可导致近视、远视、圆锥角膜等眼部疾病。细致研究角膜的力学特性,建立有临床用途的生物力学模型已成为一个重要研究领域。本文以首都医科大学眼生物力学研究团队的研究工作为基础,综述在角膜力学特性研究中的实验测试方法和本构参数获取方法等方面的进展。     

旅游地演化研究进展与启示

旅游地演化指的是旅游地系统内部构成要素及要素结构的交替演变促使旅游地系统随时间和空间变化而发生渐变或质变的过程。基于巴特勒旅游地生命周期理论的旅游地演化研究是旅游地学的重要研究领域。随着旅游发展以及旅游研究的深入,原有理论的不足愈发明显,难以解释更深层次更为复杂的旅游地系统演化,理论提升与创新十分必要。回顾国内外旅游地演化已有研究,详细归纳了国内外研究成果,在分析国内外学者对传统理论的提升与创新基础上,指出针对旅游景点景区、旅游区、旅游城市以及旅游城市群等不同尺度旅游地,可以分别采用旅游地生命周期理论、系统动力学理论、耗散结构理论、复杂适应系统理论、点—轴渐进扩散理论、经济地理演化理论研究其演变生长过程。     

Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

Surface modification of Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by microarc oxidation to improve high-temperature oxidation resistance

Microarc oxidation(MAO)electrolysis plasma deposition was used to prepare Al_2O_3coatings on Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys to improve high temperature oxidation resistance.The surface and cross-section morphologies before and after high-temperature oxidation,the chemical composition,and the phase identification of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe microanalyses(EPMA),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that Al_2O_3coatings with a thickness of approximately 8μm can be obtained on the Ti-45Al-8.5 Nb alloys by MAO for 600 s.The samples with the Al_2O_3coatings exhibited better high-temperature oxidation resistance.A minimal weight gain of only 0.396 g/m~2after 100 h oxidation at 900°C was observed for the coatings formed with a deposition voltage of 400 V and using a duty cycle of 3%.The deposition mechanism of the Al_2O_3coatings and the effect of the MAO parameters are also described.     

好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化处理养殖废水及N2O释放特性

好氧颗粒污泥可通过特殊的厌/好氧空间结构实现短程硝化,而短程硝化和好氧颗粒结构都可能导致温室气体N₂O释放.试验研究了处理养殖废水过程中好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化性能,及利用微电极探针定量分析N₂O过程释放特性.稳定运行期间,COD与氨氮平均去除率分别为76.8%和94.4%,短程硝化效率可达88.9%.根据微电极探针和气相色谱分析结果,好氧颗粒污泥系统厌氧和好氧阶段N₂O生成量分别占46.4%和53.6%,但短程硝化系统的N₂O释放主要来源于曝气吹脱作用;系统内N₂O中氮的释放量占进水氮的比例为2.1%,好氧颗粒污泥并未显著强化N₂O释放.     

永磁同步电机直接转矩控制新型占空比调制策略

针对传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统转矩脉动和磁链脉动较大,现有占空比调制策略计算复杂等问题,提出一种新型占空比调制策略.该调制策略利用定子磁链和扇区电压矢量的作用角区分转矩脉动和磁链脉动在控制系统中的权重系数,并设计新型开关表,保证在任一控制周期中最佳电压矢量的选择.在保证系统计算量较低的前提下,利用权重系数和最佳电压矢量推导最优占空比计算公式.仿真和实验结果证明,所提出的新型占空比调制策略可以大幅度抑制转矩脉动和磁链脉动,获得较好的稳态运行性能,并保持系统快速动态响应性能.     

膨润土对金银花的吸附研究

研究膨润土对金银花水提物和绿原酸纯品的吸附,考察了时间、温度、浓度对吸附的影响.实验表明: 膨润土对金银花水提物中绿原酸有较好的吸附效果,它对绿原酸的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,且受时间、温度、浓度的影响,可作为一种有发展前景的絮凝中药水提物载体.     

藏北羌塘地区岛弧花岗岩和外弧花岗岩

羌塘地区花岗岩类岩体大多数沿羌塘陆块的冈玛错-西亚尔岗岛弧分布。岩石类型有花岗岩、黑云母花岗岩,花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩、闪长岩等,有的岩体还与酸—基性火山岩伴生。侵入体同位素年龄值为135.3—302Ma,为多期侵入,主要为燕山早期(135.3—186.3Ma),少数为燕山晚期。个别同位素年龄值为74.2和99.6Ma,最早不超过燕山晚期。花岗岩类岩体另一分布区是改则-色哇缝合带北侧。岩石类型较单一,主要是酸性岩类的花岗岩、花岗斑岩、黑云母花岗岩、角闪黑云花岗岩等,几乎不出现中性岩。同位素年龄值为120.9—129.8Ma,为燕山晚期产物。     

计算再入飞行器可达区域的快速算法

以无量纲反值能量为自变量建立了飞行器3自由度运动方程组,提出了一种改进的计算再入飞行器可达区域的快速算法.引入倾侧角反向策略,使计算的可达区域更精确;改进产生可达区域中间边界的插值方式,使计算结果更加均匀;改进了终端约束处理方法,使弹道更加平滑.以一种乘波体模型为例进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明改进算法计算的可达区域比现有算法更精确且弹道更平滑.