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981.
982.
S. Garattini A. Jori V. Palma L. Tessari 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1959,15(10):384-385
Riassunto La Metahexamide, N(3amino-4-metilbenzenesulfonil)N-cicloesilurea, possiede nel ratto e nel coniglio un effetto ipoglicemizzante più narcato rispetto alp-tolilsulfanilbutilurea (D 860). Il nuovo farmaco si dimostra più attivo del D 860 nell'accelerare la scomparsa di glucosio da parte del diaframma isolato di ratto. La Metahexamide si distribuisce rapidamente in tutti gli organi e scompare dal sangue molto lentamente. Il maggiore effetto della Metahexamide, rispetto a composti similari, viene interpretato sulla base di un lento metabolismo e in rapporto all'intenso effetto favorente la metabolizzazione del glucosio a livello periferico. 相似文献
983.
V. Erspamer T. Vitali M. Roseghini J. M. Cei 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1965,21(9):504-504
Riassunto Gli estratti di pelle diBufo alvarius, rospo delle regioni desertiche del Nord America, contengono, oltre alle consuete 5-idrossiindolalchilamine (5-HT, N-metil-5-HT, bufotenina) enormi quantitativi di derivati 5-metossiindolici, rappresentati soprattutto daO-metilbufotenina. Questa può giungere a costituire fino il 16% del peso delle ghiandole cutanee secche. Si insiste sulla probabile presenza di 5-idrossiindolo-O-metiltransferasi nella pelle diBufo alvarius.
Supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma. 相似文献
Supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma. 相似文献
984.
985.
N. N. Sarkar K. R. Laumas V. Hingorani 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1982,38(11):1345-1346
Summary The levels of available norethindrone were found to be similar in women and rabbits after s.c. administration of crystalline and amorphous, norethindrone acetate respectively, and this study indicates that the rabbit may be used as an animal model for further investigation with this contraceptive steroid. 相似文献
986.
987.
Activation of old carbon by erosion of coastal and subsea permafrost in Arctic Siberia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
JE Vonk L Sánchez-García BE van Dongen V Alling D Kosmach A Charkin IP Semiletov OV Dudarev N Shakhova P Roos TI Eglinton A Andersson O Gustafsson 《Nature》2012,489(7414):137-140
The future trajectory of greenhouse gas concentrations depends on interactions between climate and the biogeosphere. Thawing of Arctic permafrost could release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere in this century. Ancient Ice Complex deposits outcropping along the ~7,000-kilometre-long coastline of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), and associated shallow subsea permafrost, are two large pools of permafrost carbon, yet their vulnerabilities towards thawing and decomposition are largely unknown. Recent Arctic warming is stronger than has been predicted by several degrees, and is particularly pronounced over the coastal ESAS region. There is thus a pressing need to improve our understanding of the links between permafrost carbon and climate in this relatively inaccessible region. Here we show that extensive release of carbon from these Ice Complex deposits dominates (57?±?2 per cent) the sedimentary carbon budget of the ESAS, the world’s largest continental shelf, overwhelming the marine and topsoil terrestrial components. Inverse modelling of the dual-carbon isotope composition of organic carbon accumulating in ESAS surface sediments, using Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertainties, suggests that 44?±?10 teragrams of old carbon is activated annually from Ice Complex permafrost, an order of magnitude more than has been suggested by previous studies. We estimate that about two-thirds (66?±?16 per cent) of this old carbon escapes to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, with the remainder being re-buried in shelf sediments. Thermal collapse and erosion of these carbon-rich Pleistocene coastline and seafloor deposits may accelerate with Arctic amplification of climate warming. 相似文献
988.
Wu X Northcott PA Dubuc A Dupuy AJ Shih DJ Witt H Croul S Bouffet E Fults DW Eberhart CG Garzia L Van Meter T Zagzag D Jabado N Schwartzentruber J Majewski J Scheetz TE Pfister SM Korshunov A Li XN Scherer SW Cho YJ Akagi K MacDonald TJ Koster J McCabe MG Sarver AL Collins VP Weiss WA Largaespada DA Collier LS Taylor MD 《Nature》2012,482(7386):529-533
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, arises in the cerebellum and disseminates through the cerebrospinal fluid in the leptomeningeal space to coat the brain and spinal cord. Dissemination, a marker of poor prognosis, is found in up to 40% of children at diagnosis and in most children at the time of recurrence. Affected children therefore are treated with radiation to the entire developing brain and spinal cord, followed by high-dose chemotherapy, with the ensuing deleterious effects on the developing nervous system. The mechanisms of dissemination through the cerebrospinal fluid are poorly studied, and medulloblastoma metastases have been assumed to be biologically similar to the primary tumour. Here we show that in both mouse and human medulloblastoma, the metastases from an individual are extremely similar to each other but are divergent from the matched primary tumour. Clonal genetic events in the metastases can be demonstrated in a restricted subclone of the primary tumour, suggesting that only rare cells within the primary tumour have the ability to metastasize. Failure to account for the bicompartmental nature of metastatic medulloblastoma could be a major barrier to the development of effective targeted therapies. 相似文献
989.
Page MJ Symeonidis M Vieira JD Altieri B Amblard A Arumugam V Aussel H Babbedge T Blain A Bock J Boselli A Buat V Castro-Rodríguez N Cava A Chanial P Clements DL Conley A Conversi L Cooray A Dowell CD Dubois EN Dunlop JS Dwek E Dye S Eales S Elbaz D Farrah D Fox M Franceschini A Gear W Glenn J Griffin M Halpern M Hatziminaoglou E Ibar E Isaak K Ivison RJ Lagache G Levenson L Lu N Madden S Maffei B Mainetti G Marchetti L Nguyen HT O'Halloran B Oliver SJ Omont A Panuzzo P Papageorgiou A 《Nature》2012,485(7397):213-216
The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 10(44) ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time. 相似文献
990.
Patten IS Rana S Shahul S Rowe GC Jang C Liu L Hacker MR Rhee JS Mitchell J Mahmood F Hess P Farrell C Koulisis N Khankin EV Burke SD Tudorache I Bauersachs J del Monte F Hilfiker-Kleiner D Karumanchi SA Arany Z 《Nature》2012,485(7398):333-338
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an often fatal disease that affects pregnant women who are near delivery, and it occurs more frequently in women with pre-eclampsia and/or multiple gestation. The aetiology of PPCM, and why it is associated with pre-eclampsia, remain unknown. Here we show that PPCM is associated with a systemic angiogenic imbalance, accentuated by pre-eclampsia. Mice that lack cardiac PGC-1α, a powerful regulator of angiogenesis, develop profound PPCM. Importantly, the PPCM is entirely rescued by pro-angiogenic therapies. In humans, the placenta in late gestation secretes VEGF inhibitors like soluble FLT1 (sFLT1), and this is accentuated by multiple gestation and pre-eclampsia. This anti-angiogenic environment is accompanied by subclinical cardiac dysfunction, the extent of which correlates with circulating levels of sFLT1. Exogenous sFLT1 alone caused diastolic dysfunction in wild-type mice, and profound systolic dysfunction in mice lacking cardiac PGC-1α. Finally, plasma samples from women with PPCM contained abnormally high levels of sFLT1. These data indicate that PPCM is mainly a vascular disease, caused by excess anti-angiogenic signalling in the peripartum period. The data also explain how late pregnancy poses a threat to cardiac homeostasis, and why pre-eclampsia and multiple gestation are important risk factors for the development of PPCM. 相似文献