Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40

Diabetes, a disease in which carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are regulated improperly by insulin, is a serious worldwide health issue. Insulin is secreted from pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated plasma glucose, with various factors modifying its secretion. Free fatty acids (FFAs) provide an important energy source as nutrients, and they also act as signalling molecules in various cellular processes, including insulin secretion. Although FFAs are thought to promote insulin secretion in an acute phase, this mechanism is not clearly understood. Here we show that a G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR40, which is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, functions as a receptor for long-chain FFAs. Furthermore, we show that long-chain FFAs amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by activating GPR40. Our results indicate that GPR40 agonists and/or antagonists show potential for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.     

Direct observation of Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid state in carbon nanotubes at low temperatures

The electronic transport properties of conventional three-dimensional metals are successfully described by Fermi-liquid theory. But when the dimensionality of such a system is reduced to one, the Fermi-liquid state becomes unstable to Coulomb interactions, and the conduction electrons should instead behave according to Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid (TLL) theory. Such a state reveals itself through interaction-dependent anomalous exponents in the correlation functions, density of states and momentum distribution of the electrons. Metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are considered to be ideal one-dimensional systems for realizing TLL states. Indeed, the results of transport measurements on metal-SWNT and SWNT-SWNT junctions have been attributed to the effects of tunnelling into or between TLLs, although there remains some ambiguity in these interpretations. Direct observations of the electronic states in SWNTs are therefore needed to resolve these uncertainties. Here we report angle-integrated photoemission measurements of SWNTs. Our results reveal an oscillation in the pi-electron density of states owing to one-dimensional van Hove singularities, confirming the one-dimensional nature of the valence band. The spectral function and intensities at the Fermi level both exhibit power-law behaviour (with almost identical exponents) in good agreement with theoretical predictions for the TLL state in SWNTs.     

宣钢单喷镁铁水脱硫技术应用与实践

介绍了宣钢炼钢厂采用单喷颗粒镁铁水脱硫工艺,改善了转炉冶炼原料铁水条件,同时对镁在铁水中的脱硫机理作了简要的叙述.该工艺在生产实践中不断优化,使铁水经过预处理后终点硫均达到0.010%(质量分数)以下,最低终点硫含量达到0.003%,满足了炼钢铁水要求.     

热轧带钢横向温度研究方法及测量分析

对目前带钢横向温度分布的研究方法和结论进行了分析;对1800热连轧机精轧出口带钢的横向温度进行测量,针对典型的分布规律,提出了描述参数,并用该参数就其分布规律以及分布与带钢宽度、纵向温度的关系进行了讨论,为建立热连轧带钢横向温度控制模型提供了依据.     

RH真空处理GCr15轴承钢中全氧及显微夹杂物的行为研究

针对RH工艺生产轴承钢,通过现场试验研究了RH真空处理时间对钢中全氧和显微夹杂物的影响.试验结果表明,延长RH真空时间可以进一步降低钢中全氧和显微夹杂物的数量,RH脱氧主要是通过显微夹杂物的去除,全氧与显微夹杂物随时间的变化关系基本一致;真空处理25min可使钢液中全氧和显微夹杂降低约60%,比14min时多降低约13%,并得出邢钢轴承钢生产条件下,RH精炼过程钢液的表观脱氧速度系数为-0.036min-1;工艺优化后147炉轴承钢产品的平均全氧为6.7×10-6.     

浅谈供暖系统中存在的问题及应对措施

针对太钢供暖系统中存在的散热器漏水，自动排气罐不能排气，截止阀门不能开启，室内供暖系统干管坡度不合理，室外供暖系统热能损耗等问题，提出了相应的改进措施并取得很好的效果。     

保护弱势群体利益,积极推行企业职工工伤保险制度

推行企业工伤保险制度是建立健全社会保障体系的一项重要内容。分析了国内外工伤保险制度及我国推行工伤保险制度中存在的问题，提出了扩大保险范围、实现工伤保险社会化、保险待遇给付、工伤保险法律化的建议。     

Optimization of Permeability Tensor Characteristics of Anisotropic Reservoir and Well Pattern Parameters

The problems of well pattern arrangement, well array direction, and well array spacing ratios for anisotropic reservoirs were studied using tensor analysis. The problems were formulated as a bilevel programming model which was solved using a genetic algorithm. The results show that if the permeability in one direction is much higher than in another direction, the wells should be aligned along the high permeability direction. The analysis provides a theoretical foundation for well pattern arrangement in fractured reservoirs as well as in channel sand reservoirs.     

系统故障—灾变及其控制

本文应用灾变理论对实际系统在运行中的故障进行了宏观分析,并在此基础上给出了一般系统在运行期间的故障概率模式。     

Spin-torque diode effect in magnetic tunnel junctions

There is currently much interest in the development of 'spintronic' devices, in which harnessing the spins of electrons (rather than just their charges) is anticipated to provide new functionalities that go beyond those possible with conventional electronic devices. One widely studied example of an effect that has its roots in the electron's spin degree of freedom is the torque exerted by a spin-polarized electric current on the spin moment of a nanometre-scale magnet. This torque causes the magnetic moment to rotate at potentially useful frequencies. Here we report a very different phenomenon that is also based on the interplay between spin dynamics and spin-dependent transport, and which arises from unusual diode behaviour. We show that the application of a small radio-frequency alternating current to a nanometre-scale magnetic tunnel junction can generate a measurable direct-current (d.c.) voltage across the device when the frequency is resonant with the spin oscillations that arise from the spin-torque effect: at resonance (which can be tuned by an external magnetic field), the structure exhibits different resistance states depending on the direction of the current. This behaviour is markedly different from that of a conventional semiconductor diode, and could form the basis of a nanometre-scale radio-frequency detector in telecommunication circuits.