农村义务教育经费影响因素研究——以云南省为例

基本公共服务均等化是未来一段时期我国发展的重要目标。作为基本公共服务重要内容之一的义务教育在云南省的财政支出总额并不低,但云南省农村义务教育发展水平与全国特别是东部地区相比却存在较大差距。为保障义务教育的均衡发展,应从义务教育经费标准着手,研究云南省"民族、山区、贫困"的特殊省情对义务教育经费支出的影响程度,最终实现根据客观需要确定支出标准的目标。实证研究发现,山区面积是对农村义务教育经费支出产生显著影响的主要因素。     

Distribution and risk factors of hand,foot, and mouth disease in Changchun,northeastern China

Hand, foot, and mouth disease （HFMD） is a public health problem, and there have been increasing numbers of outbreaks in mainland China since 2008. Over 17,000 HFMD cases have been reported in Changchun between 2008 and 2011. This study characterized the temporal and spatial distribution of the disease and iden- tified the risk factors for HFMD. The main findings were as follows： （i） there were significant differences in HFMD incidence among age groups, with 86.8 % of reported cases in children younger than 5 years old, and boys showed a higher incidence than girls （〈6 years）; （ii） The disease affected the whole region and spanned a large geographic area, but there was a higher incidence in urban areas （median = 242 per 10,000 persons） and urban-rural border areas （median = 135 per 10,000 persons）, compared with rural areas （median = 75 per 10,000 persons）; and （iii） the incidence of HFMD in Changchun was significantly asso- ciated with the distance to the nearest freeway, GDP per capita, and the type of township.