二维地震勘探在页岩气勘查空白区的应用效果：以下扬子巢湖地区五峰组-高家边组下段为例

下扬子巢湖地区五峰组-高家边组下段地层富有机质页岩厚度、有机地化、储集物性、岩石学以及含气性特征研究较为薄弱,为查明该地区五峰组-高家边下段页岩气地质条件,利用二维地震勘探方法指导井位部署,取得了较好的钻探地质效果。钻探结果表明,在页岩气空白区,表现为强反射特征的波组即为五峰组-高家边组下段黑色富有机质页岩。针对强反射波组部署的皖含地1井完整揭示了五峰组-高家边组地层,五峰组-高家边组下段实钻深度与预测深度相差156 m,富有机质页岩厚度为43.9 m,生气条件和储层条件较好,见页岩气显示。因此,二维地震勘探为页岩气空白区的有效勘查方法,利用该方法部署的钻井证实巢湖地区五峰组-高家边组下段具有较好的页岩气地质条件。     

磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光性能

磨粒和抛光垫为化学机械抛光(CMP)提供了重要的机械磨削作用。为了探讨磨粒和抛光垫对铝合金化学机械抛光的磨削作用,研究了不同种类磨粒和抛光垫对材料去除率和表面形貌的影响。结果表明：在pH=12-13时,氧化铝抛光液去除率(MRR)为910nm/min,远大于二氧化硅与氧化铈抛光液,且获得较为理想光滑表面。3种不同抛光垫抛光后的铝合金表面,呢子抛光垫表面将不会出现划痕与腐蚀点,表面粗糙度较低为10.9nm。随着氧化铝浓度的增加,材料去除率(MRR)和表面粗糙度(Ra)均增加。当氧化铝含量为4wt%时,抛光垫使用呢子抛光垫适宜铝合金化学机械抛光,在获得高去除率的同时铝合金表面精度高。     

Microstructure, crystallography and nucleation mechanism of NANOBAIN steel

The microstructure of bainite ferrite in NANOBAIN steel transformed at different temperatures was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction, and vickers hardness tester in detail. It is found that the average width of bainitic ferrite (BF) plates can be refined to be thinner with the reduction of temperature (473–573 K), and the bainitic ferrite plates can reach up to 20–74 nm at 473 K. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the bainitic ferrite laths are close to the Nishiyama-Wasserman orientation relationship with their parent austenite. Temperature shows a significant effect on the variant selection, and a decrease in temperature generally weakens the variant selection. Thermodynamic analyses indicates that the Lacher, Fowler and Guggenheim (LFG) model is more suitable than the Kaufman, Radcliffe and Cohen (KRC) model dealing with NANOBAIN steel at a low temperature range. The free energy change ΔGγ→BF is about ?1500 J·mol?1 at 473 K, which indicates that nucleation in NANOBAIN steel is the shear mechanism. Finally, the formation of carbon poor regions is thermodynamically possible, and the existence of carbon poor regions can greatly increase the possibility of the shear mechanism.     

低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩酸压气井动态特征分析

低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩基质低孔低渗、天然裂缝发育,目前存在的酸压气井动态特征模型没有同时考虑储层基质低孔低渗引起的非达西渗流以及储层裂缝发育造成的储层应力敏感效应。为了分析低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩气藏酸压后渗流特征和产量递减规律,建立了考虑酸压改造程度、酸压改造范围、流体低速非达西流动、储层应力敏感的酸压气井渗流模型。首先针对气体拟压力形式的非线性非齐次的渗流方程进行Laplace空间变换,在Laplace空间利用摄动理论线性方程解的叠加原理进行求解,其次基于Duhamel叠加原理考虑了井储和表皮对渗流的影响,采用Stehfest数值反演方法得到实空间酸压气井不稳定产量和压力解,最后基于典型曲线特征分析了四类因素对酸压气井产量递减和井底压力动态特征的影响。结果表明:低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩酸压气井存在8个流动阶段,基质-裂缝窜流具有减缓产量递减速率的作用;低速非达西在生产中后期对产量递减影响明显,会削弱窜流对产量递减的补偿作用且明显降低气井产能;应力敏感在生产后期对产量递减的影响凸显,对气井递减率和产能影响较小;改造程度越高,产量递减率越大且产能下降越明显;改造范围越大,气井递减速率越稳产。结论认为:实际低渗透裂缝型碳酸盐岩气藏产能分析中,低速非达西渗流对产能的影响大于应力敏感对气井产能的影响;若以保持酸压气井稳定的产量递减速率为目标,增大改造范围比增大改造程度更重要。     

零因子环与相关环

提出左（右）零因子环的概念,它们是一类没有单位元的环.一个环称为左（右）零因子环,如果对于任何a∈R,都有rR(a)≠0（lR(a)≠0）.讨论了左（右）零因子环和相关环的关系,给出左零因子环的一些特征刻画.     

基于K-TOOLS的信息领航系统的研究

研究基于K-TOOLS的信息领航系统的前景以及此领航系统与其他信息领航系统之间的竞争优势与开发此领航系统的必要性.     

一类可化为变量分离微分方程的题型推广

对一类可化为变量分离方程的微分方程dy/dx=(a1x+b1y+c1)/(a2x+b2y+c2)(a1,a2,b1,b2,c1,c2均为常数)进行了次数上的推广,得到方程dy/dx=(a1xα+b1xβyγ+cxβ)/(a1yα+b1xγyβ-cyβ)(β+γ=α,β=γ-1),并给出其通用解法.     

张衡和托勒密的地心说与中西方科学模式差异

在中西方科学史中都曾经形成了以地心说占主流的天文学体系,分别以同时代中国张衡的浑天说理论和古希腊托勒密的本轮-均轮说理论为代表.这两种体系的组成理论及天文模式完全不同,反映了中西方科学模式存在的差异.西方科学技术注重形式逻辑、定量描述和理性思维模式,古代中国则发展辩证逻辑,以定性描述为主,采用感性思维模式.     

In the new "Bill of Quantities" situation, construction companies how to guard against the risk

文章分析了施工企业在“工程量清单计价”形势下所面临的问题,简要论述了施工企业应如何做,就能正确解决问题并防范风险.     

Adaptive robust control of mobile satellite communication system with disturbance and model uncertainties

The tracking and stable control of a typical shipmounted mobile satellite communication system(MSCS) is studied.Unlike the former studies based on simplified single-axis models,a tri-axis nonlinear model including the kinematic and dynamic features of the MSCS is used as the control object.An adaptive robust controller with trajectory planning is designed to deal with large parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities of the system.A theoretic performance result is given and proved.The designed adaptive robust controller and other two traditional controllers are tested in the comparative simulations under three different situations.The simulation results show the tracking and stable validity of the proposed controller.