膜生物反应器处理工业废水的应用研究

介绍了膜生物反应器的类型,并列举了膜生物反应器在不同行业中废水处理中的应用。     

板式换热器中蒸汽凝结换热特性

在板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热试验台上进行了实验研究,获取蒸汽完全凝结和部分凝结两种典型工况下的换热和压降特性．且就板式换热器中蒸汽凝结过程的换热进行分析和处理,得到了一个在板片槽道中蒸汽凝结换热系数关联式．并推荐用于板式换热器的蒸汽凝结换热系数的计算．     

Lysosomal chymotrypsin B potentiates apoptosis via cleavage of Bid

We have reported that chymotrypsin B (CtrB) is not just a digestive enzyme but is also stored in lysosomes. Herein, we demonstrated a broad distribution of CtrB and explored the involvement of CtrB in apoptosis. Exposure of RH-35 cells to H₂O₂ or palmitate induced the redistribution of lysosomal CtrB into the cytoplasm as a result of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Suppression of CtrB significantly blocked apoptosis, while overexpression of CtrB sensitized apoptosis markedly. CtrB could cleave Bid under neutral conditions. In RH-35 cells with Bid silenced, apoptosis induced by CtrB protein was attenuated, suggesting that CtrB mediates apoptosis of RH-35 cells mainly through processing Bid. Our data also suggest that LMP occurs earlier than mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; Bid activation initiated by caspase-8 might be reinforced by CtrB in consequence of LMP, which causes a positive feedback loop leading to the accumulation of tBid, and results in lysosome- and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis.     

Granzyme B is recovered by natural killer cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis

When they recognize a target cell, natural killer (NK) cells mount an attack to kill the target by exerting their cytotoxicity via the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules. Although the details of this process (which includes the movement of cytotoxic granules in the immune synapse and their fusion with the plasma membrane, releasing granzymes and perforin into the synaptic cleft) are relatively better understood, the post-exocytosis regulation of the process is still largely unknown. Here we show that a clathrin-dependent endocytosis stimulated by target cell occurs in NK92 cell line, which is closely correlated with granzyme B recovery. Inhibition of the endocytosis significantly attenuates the cytotoxicity of NK92 cells. The NK cell recovery of its released effector molecules, in turn, suggests that endocytosis may well play a key role in the post exocytosis regulation of immune cells.     

过江隧道穿越既有铁路相互影响研究

过江隧道穿越既有铁路的相互影响是一个难点.依托重庆长江隧道穿越襄渝铁路工程进行研究,研究结果表明：过江隧道施工对既有铁路两个方向地表沉降的影响都很小,最大值为2.549 mm,故受影响的既有铁路附近地层不需做特殊加固处理,但要加强监控;既有铁路对过江隧道结构安全性及洞周位移影响也较小,在列车荷载作用下结构最小安全系数为6.8,过江隧道结构仍是偏于安全的,故隧道结构可不作加固处理,只需加强监控.研究成果为保证既有铁路的正常运营及过江隧道的结构安全性提供了理论基础,并可为相似工程提供参考.     

Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity

Plague is a pandemic human invasive disease caused by the bacterial agent Yersinia pestis. We here report a comparison of 17 whole genomes of Y. pestis isolates from global sources. We also screened a global collection of 286 Y. pestis isolates for 933 SNPs using Sequenom MassArray SNP typing. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on this sequence variation dataset, assigned isolates to populations based on maximum parsimony and, from these results, made inferences regarding historical transmission routes. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that Y. pestis evolved in or near China and spread through multiple radiations to Europe, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, leading to country-specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs. All 626 current isolates from the United States reflect one radiation, and 82 isolates from Madagascar represent a second radiation. Subsequent local microevolution of Y. pestis is marked by sequential, geographically specific SNPs.     

基于UDEC巷道掘进矿压显现的数值模拟

通过采用UDEC软件,依据钻孔柱状图和采掘应力影响范围建立了相应的几何模型,根据煤岩体物理力学性质建立相应的材料模型,在此基础上结合地应力数据,从而完成数值模型.通过模拟实际巷道开挖尺寸及方位,得出巷道前方的应力分布和巷道两帮位移分布,为巷道冲击地压显现防治提供了理论支持.     

基于人工鱼群算法的喷油系统断油电磁阀的优化设计

为合理选择和正确设计柴油自卸车喷油系统的断油电磁阀,根据电磁阀的结构特点,建立了在自卸车出现转速失控时喷油系统断油时间最短的目标函数。利用人工鱼群算法对断油电磁阀的阀芯质量、弹簧刚度、线圈匝数、工作气隙、阀芯举升高度进行优化,得出断油电磁阀的最佳动态响应参数,并利用HYDSIM分析了优化前后喷油系统的响应特性。结果表明：断油电磁阀参数优化后的喷油系统比优化前的系统的响应时间减小了5．59ms,能更有效地控制柴油机自卸车转速失控,明显提高柴油自卸车的运行安全和使用寿命．     

重症急性胰腺炎病人外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数的意义

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数与患者病情严重程度、预后的相关性。方法分离研究对象（重症急性胰腺炎患者34名,健康对照组17名）外周血单个核细胞,采用荧光实时定量PCR检测各组PBMC线粒体DNA相对舍量,其与严重程度、预后的相关性。结果重症急性胰腺炎患者线粒体DNA含量较健康对照组明显降低（P〈0．05）。患者单个核细胞线粒体DNA拷贝教与APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关（r=-0．425）其中并发症组mtDNA拷贝数显著低于无并发症组（P〈0．05）。结论重症急性胰腺炎患者外周血单个核细胞中线粒体DNA含量显著下降,与患者APACHEⅡ评分呈负相关,且低水平的线粒体DNA拷贝数提示并发症发生率的升高,因此,线粒体DNA拷贝数可作为潜在评估患者病情危重程度及预后的指标,这一发现值得进一步大型,前瞻性的研究。