香山科学会议第401—404次学术讨论会简述

2011年6月22日－9月1日,香山科学会议先后召开了主题为：“音乐声学”、“老龄健康影响因素与保障机制的综合交叉研究”、“空间引力波探测”、“物质科学综合极端条件”的第401-404次学术讨论会。     

Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1

Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.     

弹性地基上加热圆板的非线性轴对称自由振动

基于von Karman薄板理论和Hamilton原理,运用假设时间模态法,得到了弹性地基上加热圆板非线性轴对称自由振动的常微分控制方程.考虑不可移简支边界条件,采用打靶法得到了一阶屈曲位形下的前3阶振型的数值结果.结果表明:随地基弹性系数增加,热屈曲临界温度增加;在小振幅的情形下,振型对屈曲构型的影响和地基系数对振型...     

胡卢巴种质资源RAPD遗传多样性分析

在优化随机引物扩增多态性DNA标记（RAPD）反应体系和条件的基础上,利用筛选的多态性引物分析了胡卢巴种质资源的遗传多样性．结果表明,19条RAPD引物显示了40份胡卢巴种质资源的遗传距离为0．02～0．70,来源上变幅从大到小为：宁夏和国外种质间、国外种质间、宁夏种质间、国内其他省份种质间．40份胡卢巴种质资源分为两类,即Ⅰ类包括3份国外种质;Ⅱ类包括37份种质,可大体上分为宁夏、国内其他省份和国外种质3个亚类．     

两株丝状真菌N3、N9的分类鉴定

从一酸奶样品中分离到两株丝状真菌N3、N9,通过形态学观察、ITS序列测定及其系统发育分析,初步确定了N3、N9菌株的分类地位以及与其近缘种之间的生物系统学关系.实验结果表明N3、N9菌株在PDA培养基上形成典型绒状茵落,菌丝体上具有担子茵所特有的锁状联合结构.ITS序列测定及系统发育分析表明N3菌株与灰白侧耳(Pleurotus spodoleucus)同源性最高,N9菌株与佛罗里达侧耳(Pleurotus floridanus)同源性最高.     

蔗渣浆纤维模塑装饰建筑材料的制备与性能

以天然蔗渣浆纤维为原料,利用模塑热压工艺复合成形,得到物理性能优良的纤维模塑装饰建筑材料.借助拉伸性能测试、热重分析、FT-IR等研究了影响该材料力学性能的因素.研究表明:该材料的拉伸性能主要受增强剂和阻燃剂添加量,干燥温度、时间和压力的影响;随着阻燃剂添加量的增加,材料的拉伸性能明显降低;最佳干燥温度为160℃,干燥...     

The effect of nanohybrid materials on the pour-point and viscosity depressing of waxy crude oil

The pipeline transportation of waxy crude oil is a problem both at home and abroad.In this paper,a novel nanohybrid pour-point depressant (PPD) was used to decrease the pour point and viscosity of waxy crude oil.The pour point and apparent viscosity of waxy crude oil was decreased significantly upon addition of the nanohybrid PPD,and the long-term stability of the nanohybrid PPD was superior to that of a conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer PPD.Polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the effect of the nanohybrid PPD on the crystallization of crude oil.Addition of the nanohybrid PPD reduced the amount of wax crystals,prevented their aggregation,and reduced the temperature at which the crude oil started to crystallize.The significant effect of this nanohybrid PPD on the pour point and viscosity depressing of crude oil is of great importance for facilitating the safe,efficient and energy-minimized transportation of waxy crude oil.     

基于最大熵模型的词位标注汉语分词

近年来基于字的词位标注汉语分词方法极大地提高了分词的性能,该方法将汉语分词转化为字的词位标注问题,借助于优秀的序列标注模型,词位标注汉语分词逐渐成为汉语分词的主要技术路线.该方法中特征模板集设定和词位标注集的选择至关重要,采用不同的词位标注集,使用最大熵模型进一步研究了词位标注汉语分词技术.在国际汉语分词评测Bakeoff2005的语料上进行了封闭测试,并对比了不同词位标注集对分词性能的影响.实验表明所采用的六词位标注集配合相应的特征模板集TMPT-6较其他词位标注集分词性能要好.     

基于系统动力学的海上交通应急救援效能分析

随着海上交通的日益频繁,海上交通突发事件的发生频率也在不断增加,应急救援工作越来越受到重视.为了提升应急救援效能,以海上交通突发事件的实际救援过程为切入点,从信息感知、协同研判、方案决策、救援行动4个维度构建海上交通应急救援效能影响因素指标体系,通过层次熵分法对指标权重进行赋值,建立海上交通应急救援效能的系统动力学(s...     

高维流形视角下采用ISOMAP降维的配网户变关系辨识

准确的户变关系是配网线损计算、故障定位和三相平衡等高级应用的基础.低压配网的户变关系辨识算法大多基于电压相关性原理,而电压相关性随供电半径增加而减弱,电压采集频次较低无法可靠捕获电压的"共性波动",使得辨识准确率普遍不高.提出了一种基于等距特征映射(isometric mapping,ISOMAP)降维和改进K-mea...