Complementation in the composition of steel slag and red mud for preparation of novel ceramics

A method for preparing novel ceramics was developed in this study. Different ratios red muds were added to steel slags to optimize the preparation of novel ceramics by a traditional ceramic preparation process. The sintering mechanism, microstructure, and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and combined experiments of linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results confirmed that red mud can reduce the volumetric instabilities through the complementarity of red mud and ferroalloy slag. The crystal phases in the ceramics are all pyroxene group minerals, including diopside ferrian, augite, and diopside. The flexural strength of the ceramic that contains 40wt% red mud and was prepared at the optimal sintering temperature (1140℃) is greater than 93 MPa; its corresponding water absorption is less than 0.05%.     

南图尔盖盆地SA区块河道砂体演化及定量刻画

针对河道砂体横向变化快而难以有效刻画评价的问题,综合应用分频检测、相位调整、地层切片及地质体雕刻等技术对南图尔盖盆地SA区块上侏罗统阿克萨布拉克组河道发育特征及期次进行了研究。首先,利用分频方法检测出目的层段可能存在的两期调谐厚度不同的河道沉积体;然后,采用波阻抗分析和90°相位转换,揭示目的层段地震负振幅与河道砂岩具有较好的对应关系;最后,在高频层序地层格架内制作等时地层切片的基础上,通过河道沉积特征及典型地层切片振幅的单井标定分析,识别并分期刻画出两期不同类型的河道砂体。结合河道弯度、宽厚比及储集体积等参数综合分析认为,早期河道具有低弯度曲流河特征,晚期河道为具有平直河特征的三角洲平原分流河道,且早期河道储集体积明显高于晚期河道。     

DARPA持续推动科技创新的挑战赛模式分析

 国防高级研究计划局（DARPA）是引领美军科技创新的"技术引擎"。为总结DARPA在推动科技创新方面的成功经验,回顾了DARPA代表性挑战赛的有关情况,分析了DARPA挑战赛模式的成功经验。研究表明,DARPA挑战赛模式充分利用了美国乃至世界的技术研发力量,取得了显著成效,目前已成为DARPA推动科技创新发展的重要途径,并引起美国其他创新机构和世界各国的广泛关注与纷纷效仿。     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

WO3 nanoflakes decorated with CuO clusters for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

The low quantum efficiency arising from poor charges transfer and insufficient light absorption is one of the critical challenges toward achieving highly efficient water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells. Three dimensions(3D) structures and heterojunctions have received intensive research interests recent years due to their excellent ability to separate photo-generated charges as well as the enhanced light harvesting property. Herein,3 D Cu O/WO_3 structure was fabricated through a facile solvothermal method followed by chemical bath deposition. The loading of Cu O clusters on WO_3 nanoflake arrays results in a much improved photocurrent density compared with that of pristine WO_3 nanoflake arrays, which reaches 1.8 m A/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement demonstrates that the improved performance of Cu O/WO_3 electrode is attributed to the accelerated charge transfer kinetics as a result of the desirable band alignment in Cu O/WO_3 heterojunction. This work demonstrates a facile strategy to construct superior WO_3 electrode, which will ultimately allow for efficient storage of solar energy into hydrogen.     

全天候海冰气象监测系统可靠性研究

目的】为了减少海冰对平台生产所造成的影响,JZ9-3海域首次引用了全天候海冰气象监测系统。为了确保系统的正常运行,需要对系统进行可靠性评估。【方法】采用动态模糊故障树法,对全天候海冰气象监测系统的可靠性进行评估,同时提出初步的预防措施。【结果】通过应用动态模糊故障树对系统可靠性进行评估,获取了系统的薄弱环节,并提出了有效措施对薄弱环节加以控制。【结论】通过研究,有效地提高了系统的可靠性,这也是动态模糊故障树在国内的首次应用,为未来动态模糊故障树的广泛应用奠定基础。     

钴掺杂对二氧化钛晶粒尺寸及相变的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备了纯Ti O_2与不同Co浓度掺杂的Ti O_2纳米粉体,并对样品进行了450、550、650℃保温2 h的热处理.采用X射线衍射仪对制得的纳米粉体进行了晶体结构表征,研究了热处理温度以及Co掺杂浓度对Ti O_2晶粒尺寸以及锐钛矿金红石相变的影响.结果表明:纯Ti O_2与Co-Ti O_2在450℃时为单一的锐钛矿;550℃时,纯Ti O_2有微量金红石生成,Co-Ti O_2仍然全部为锐钛矿;650℃时纯Ti O_2大部分转变为金红石,当Co掺杂量较低时,Co能促进锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,而当掺杂浓度为8%时,Co抑制锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变;热处理温度升高以及Co掺杂浓度增加有利于Co Ti O_3相的生成,相同温度下,Co掺杂后Ti O_2晶粒尺寸减小.     

复杂空区群建模及在圈定矿岩移动范围的应用

以大岭西山菱镁矿为例,基于SURPAC软件平台,综合应用边界轮廓线法和Delaunay三角化方法的复杂地质体建模方法,建立了矿区的数字地表模型和空区群的三维实体模型.并以TCL语言为基础,编制了基于空区底板边界轮廓线、岩石移动角和地表投影标高的矿岩移动范围三维模型自动构建程序,对大岭西山菱镁矿进行了应用,得到了矿岩移动范围的三维实体模型,并将其与数字地表模型进行布尔运算,圈定地表移动范围.     

基于全卷积网络的左心室射血分数自动检测

提出了一种基于全卷积网络(fully convolutional networks, FCN)的左心室射血分数自动估测的方法.利用全卷积网络对心脏磁共振图像中的左心室进行内轮廓分割,计算心脏左心室在一个心动周期中各时间点的容积,提取左心室舒张末期与收缩末期的容积,最后推导出左心室的射血分数.使用700组图片对全卷积网络进行训练以及440组图片进行测试,并将最后计算结果与美国国立卫生研究院和儿童国家医疗中心提供的射血分数(ejection fraction, EF)金标准进行了对比,计算准确率为89.8%,结果处在合理的误差范围内.     

加拿大落基山脉野生动物拾零

<正>纵贯加拿大和美国的落基山脉是野生动物的王国,悠闲的黑熊,面相温和的郊狼,不怕人的大角羊,奔跑迅速的骡鹿,打洞高手哥伦比亚黄鼠,既能飞又善走的旅鸫……落基山脉自北向南纵贯加拿大和美国,延绵数千千米,在加拿大境内有4个世界遗产级的国家公园,那里有高山、森林、冰川、瀑布、河流、湖泊和温泉。十几年前我就领略过加拿大落基山脉迷人的风采,这次故地重游,又有了新的感受和体验。素食为主的美洲黑熊熊是大多数游客都害怕遇到的动物,有关"黑瞎子"伤人的传说与故事实在太多了,以至于人们谈熊色变,谁又愿意在荒山野岭与它狭路相逢呢?其实,美洲黑熊并非人们想象的那么凶残。它们