Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the world's most important non-grain food crop and is central to global food security. It is clonally propagated, highly heterozygous, autotetraploid, and suffers acute inbreeding depression. Here we use a homozygous doubled-monoploid potato clone to sequence and assemble 86% of the 844-megabase genome. We predict 39,031 protein-coding genes and present evidence for at least two genome duplication events indicative of a palaeopolyploid origin. As the first genome sequence of an asterid, the potato genome reveals 2,642 genes specific to this large angiosperm clade. We also sequenced a heterozygous diploid clone and show that gene presence/absence variants and other potentially deleterious mutations occur frequently and are a likely cause of inbreeding depression. Gene family expansion, tissue-specific expression and recruitment of genes to new pathways contributed to the evolution of tuber development. The potato genome sequence provides a platform for genetic improvement of this vital crop.     

Temperature-scan cryocrystallography reveals reaction intermediates in bacteriophytochrome

Light is a fundamental signal that regulates important physiological processes such as development and circadian rhythm in living organisms. Phytochromes form a major family of photoreceptors responsible for red light perception in plants, fungi and bacteria. They undergo reversible photoconversion between red-absorbing (Pr) and far-red-absorbing (Pfr) states, thereby ultimately converting a light signal into a distinct biological signal that mediates subsequent cellular responses. Several structures of microbial phytochromes have been determined in their dark-adapted Pr or Pfr states. However, the structural nature of initial photochemical events has not been characterized by crystallography. Here we report the crystal structures of three intermediates in the photoreaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophytochrome (PaBphP). We used cryotrapping crystallography to capture intermediates, and followed structural changes by scanning the temperature at which the photoreaction proceeded. Light-induced conformational changes in PaBphP originate in ring D of the biliverdin (BV) chromophore, and E-to-Z isomerization about the C(15) = C(16) double bond between rings C and D is the initial photochemical event. As the chromophore relaxes, the twist of the C(15) methine bridge about its two dihedral angles is reversed. Structural changes extend further to rings B and A, and to the surrounding protein regions. These data indicate that absorption of a photon by the Pfr state of PaBphP converts a light signal into a structural signal via twisting and untwisting of the methine bridges in the linear tetrapyrrole within the confined protein cavity.     

改进的Morlet小波与再生核空间

给出了改进的Morlet小波变换像空间的再生核函数的具体表达式及等距恒等式,并利用再生核函数的结构对改进的Morlet小波变换的像空间作出了具体的描述,并将对小波与再生核的关系得出一个新的发现,为一般小波变换像空间的讨论提供了基础．     

HMCM-56分子筛催化苯酚与异丙醇烷基化反应的研究

研究HMCM-56分子筛上苯酚与异丙醇烷基化反应,探讨了反应条件包括温度,原料配比,催化剂的装填量,空速对催化剂催化性能的影响．通过X射线衍射、研究催化剂的酸性及晶相．得到最佳反应条件：T=220℃,WHSV=3．0h^-1,Catalyst Loading=0．3g,n（IPA）／n（Phenol）=0．8,苯酚的转...     

卫星搭载对冰草叶片显微结构的影响

卫星搭载冰草(Agropyron cristatum)干种子,返地后经种植,并对与对照有显著差异的冰草叶片进行显微结构观察.结果表明,卫星搭载对冰草叶片显微结构产生影响,在叶片长度、叶宽和叶厚方面均有所增加,上下表皮均有表皮毛,泡状细胞增多,角质层变薄.表明卫星搭载对植物叶片形态和结构产生明显的影响.     

关于乘法模的弱准素子模

讨论了乘法模的弱准素子模的性质.并证明了设R是具有单位元的交换环,M是酉R-模.(1)如果M是乘法模,N是M的弱准素子模,则√N是M的素子模;(2)设M是乘法模,L是M的子模,f:M-L是满同态.如果N是L的弱准素子模,则f-1(N)是M的弱准素子模.     

Retromer复合体通过吞噬受体CED-1调控凋亡细胞的清除

程序性细胞死亡（细胞凋亡）是一个对生物体的发育、组织的动态稳定至关重要的生物学过程。细胞凋亡的发生过程如下：在决定要凋亡的细胞内,一些死亡基因被启动,细胞被杀死,这称为凋亡的执行过程。随后,凋亡细胞被吞噬细胞识别并内吞;最终,凋亡细胞在吞噬细胞内被完全降解。凋亡细胞的吞噬和降解是细胞凋亡程序的重要环节,凋亡细胞的清除障碍会引起炎症疾病和免疫紊乱。在秀丽隐杆线虫中,吞噬受体CED-1对于吞噬细胞识别凋亡细胞起着关键作用。本研究发现细胞内的蛋白分选复合体retromer可以通过调控CED-1在细胞膜与细胞质之间的循环来参与凋亡细胞的清除过程。Retromer会被招募到吞噬小体的表面,介导CED-1从吞噬小体到细胞膜的回收过程。当retromer丧失功能时,CED-1会被运送到溶酶体降解,CED-1的这种减少造成了凋亡细胞的清除障碍。我们的工作揭示了retromer复合体参与凋亡细胞清除的这一新功能,并发现了吞噬受体的一种新的调控机制。     

香山科学会议第401—404次学术讨论会简述

2011年6月22日－9月1日,香山科学会议先后召开了主题为：“音乐声学”、“老龄健康影响因素与保障机制的综合交叉研究”、“空间引力波探测”、“物质科学综合极端条件”的第401-404次学术讨论会。     

Structural insight into brassinosteroid perception by BRI1

Brassinosteroids are essential phytohormones that have crucial roles in plant growth and development. Perception of brassinosteroids requires an active complex of BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and BRI1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1). Recognized by the extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of BRI1, brassinosteroids induce a phosphorylation-mediated cascade to regulate gene expression. Here we present the crystal structures of BRI1(LRR) in free and brassinolide-bound forms. BRI1(LRR) exists as a monomer in crystals and solution independent of brassinolide. It comprises a helical solenoid structure that accommodates a separate insertion domain at its concave surface. Sandwiched between them, brassinolide binds to a hydrophobicity-dominating surface groove on BRI1(LRR). Brassinolide recognition by BRI1(LRR) is through an induced-fit mechanism involving stabilization of two interdomain loops that creates a pronounced non-polar surface groove for the hormone binding. Together, our results define the molecular mechanisms by which BRI1 recognizes brassinosteroids and provide insight into brassinosteroid-induced BRI1 activation.     

弹性地基上加热圆板的非线性轴对称自由振动

基于von Karman薄板理论和Hamilton原理,运用假设时间模态法,得到了弹性地基上加热圆板非线性轴对称自由振动的常微分控制方程.考虑不可移简支边界条件,采用打靶法得到了一阶屈曲位形下的前3阶振型的数值结果.结果表明:随地基弹性系数增加,热屈曲临界温度增加;在小振幅的情形下,振型对屈曲构型的影响和地基系数对振型...