全文获取类型
收费全文 | 31983篇 |
免费 | 1453篇 |
国内免费 | 1427篇 |
专业分类
系统科学 | 2167篇 |
丛书文集 | 903篇 |
教育与普及 | 757篇 |
理论与方法论 | 378篇 |
现状及发展 | 1036篇 |
研究方法 | 89篇 |
综合类 | 29524篇 |
自然研究 | 9篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 142篇 |
2023年 | 329篇 |
2022年 | 608篇 |
2021年 | 623篇 |
2020年 | 415篇 |
2019年 | 207篇 |
2018年 | 995篇 |
2017年 | 1086篇 |
2016年 | 832篇 |
2015年 | 850篇 |
2014年 | 1099篇 |
2013年 | 1093篇 |
2012年 | 1422篇 |
2011年 | 2152篇 |
2010年 | 1957篇 |
2009年 | 1789篇 |
2008年 | 1907篇 |
2007年 | 2128篇 |
2006年 | 1114篇 |
2005年 | 1056篇 |
2004年 | 906篇 |
2003年 | 735篇 |
2002年 | 678篇 |
2001年 | 611篇 |
2000年 | 676篇 |
1999年 | 1151篇 |
1998年 | 1082篇 |
1997年 | 1125篇 |
1996年 | 992篇 |
1995年 | 824篇 |
1994年 | 800篇 |
1993年 | 704篇 |
1992年 | 555篇 |
1991年 | 570篇 |
1990年 | 444篇 |
1989年 | 411篇 |
1988年 | 369篇 |
1987年 | 219篇 |
1986年 | 126篇 |
1985年 | 35篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
171.
Li XIE Lihua XIE 《系统科学与复杂性》2007,20(2):262-272
We consider the stability of a random Riccati equation with a Markovian binary jump coefficient. More specifically, we are concerned with the boundedness of the solution of a random Riccati difference equation arising from Kalman filtering with measurement losses. A sufficient condition for the peak covariance stability is obtained which has a simpler form and is shown to be less conservative in some cases than a very recent result in existing literature. Furthermore, we show that a known sufficient condition is also necessary when the observability index equals one. 相似文献
172.
Excel在高校成绩统计分析中的应用非常普遍,但如何用好用活Excel值得交流.文章从个人的经验介绍了Excel在成绩统计分析中的灵活使用. 相似文献
173.
华阳 《科技情报开发与经济》2007,17(34):172-173
分析了跨国公司在华研发本地化战略的社会经济效应,借鉴其他国家的成功经验.提出了应对跨国公司研发本地化战略的政策建议。 相似文献
174.
Lanju XU 《系统科学与复杂性》2007,20(1):30-40
In the present paper, we focus on constructive spherical codes. By employing algebraic geometry codes, we give an explicit construction of spherical code sequences. By making use of the idea involved in the proof of the Gilbert-Varshamov bound in coding theory, we construct a spherical code sequence in exponential time which meets the best-known asymptotic bound by Shamsiev and Wyner. 相似文献
175.
针对汽轮发电机组发电机漏氢严重使得安全生产受到极大威胁的情况,文章比较全面地分析了故障产生原因,给出了较好的解决办法,使发电机每天漏氢量大大减少,符合厂家及电力行业要求。 相似文献
176.
177.
178.
本文利用GAUSSIAN 03程序包中的密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平下,对聚21硅烷、电荷掺杂的聚21硅烷以及杂原子(硼和磷)掺杂的聚21硅烷进行几何全优化,并对它们的几何结构和自旋密度进行了比较性理论研究.结果表明,电荷掺杂能使聚硅烷的Si—Si键长增长,其极子分布几乎遍及了聚21硅烷的整个链;而杂原子(B、P)的掺杂对聚硅烷的影响主要集中在与B、P原子相邻的Si原子上,极子分布仅局域在B、P原子附近的3~5个原子上. 相似文献
179.
Rein Vihalemm 《Foundations of Science》2007,12(3):223-234
The philosophical analysis of chemistry has advanced at such a pace during the last dozen years that the existence of philosophy of chemistry as an autonomous discipline cannot be doubted any more. The present paper will attempt to analyse the experience of philosophy of chemistry at the, so to say, meta-level. Philosophers of chemistry have especially stressed that all sciences need not be similar to physics. They have tried to argue for chemistry as its own type of science and for a pluralistic understanding of science in general. However, when stressing the specific character of chemistry, philosophers do not always analyse the question ‘What is science?’ theoretically. It is obvious that a ‘monistic’ understanding of science should not be based simply on physics as the epitome of science, regarding it as a historical accident that physics has obtained this status. The author’s point is that the philosophical and methodological image of science should not be chosen arbitrarily; instead, it should be theoretically elaborated as an idealization (theoretical model) substantiated on the historical practice of science. It is argued that although physics has, in a sense, justifiably obtained the status of a paradigm of science, chemistry, which is not simply a physical science, but a discipline with a dual character, is also relevant for elaborating a theoretical model of science. The theoretical model of science is a good tool for examining various issues in philosophy of chemistry as well as in philosophy of science or science studies generally. 相似文献
180.
Global Optimization in Any Minkowski Metric: A Permutation-Translation Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Multidimensional Scaling 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
It is well known that considering a non-Euclidean Minkowski metric in Multidimensional Scaling, either for the distance model
or for the loss function, increases the computational problem of local minima considerably. In this paper, we propose an algorithm
in which both the loss function and the composition rule can be considered in any Minkowski metric, using a multivariate randomly
alternating Simulated Annealing procedure with permutation and translation phases. The algorithm has been implemented in Fortran
and tested over classical and simulated data matrices with sizes up to 200 objects. A study has been carried out with some
of the common loss functions to determine the most suitable values for the main parameters. The experimental results confirm
the theoretical expectation that Simulated Annealing is a suitable strategy to deal by itself with the optimization problems
in Multidimensional Scaling, in particular for City-Block, Euclidean and Infinity metrics. 相似文献