Predation on eggs of Schneider’s dwarf caiman,Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1807), by armadillos and other predators

Nests of Schneider’s dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus, were located in the forests around three streams that drain into the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazonia, in October 2014. Camera traps were installed at the edge of four nests to document predators and female parental care. At two nests, females unsuccessfully defended their nests against one or more giant armadillos, Priodontes maximus, and nine-banded armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus. Both armadillo species responded to the attack by fleeing and returning on the opposite side of the nest by going around the tree under which the nest was located. Giant armadillos have never before been recorded consuming caiman eggs and their diet has been described as consisting mostly of ants and termites. Another species of armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus, was also registered digging into a nest and probably consuming eggs, though it is generally considered to be primarily insectivorous. A tayra (Eira barbara), lizard (Tupinambis teguixin) and coati (Nasua nasua) were also registered taking eggs from nests during the day, but we obtained no registers of nest defence by caimans during the day. The three nests were attacked after 60 days of incubation, when the eggs were well developed.     

Integrative taxonomy at the nexus of population divergence and speciation in insular speckled rattlesnakes

ABSTRACT

We describe two diminutive species of rattlesnakes (genus Crotalus) from small nearshore islands off the coast of Baja California in the western Gulf of California, Mexico. In order to test the hypothesis that some island populations represent cohesive species entities, we applied linear discriminant analysis and uniform validation procedures to multiple classes of intrinsic trait data. By using previously recognised species to establish a threshold for species recognition, we found that assignment of specimens to either new species was as probable as with other established rattlesnake species within the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii) complex. We also found that assignment of specimens from other island populations was not as probable as for the established species, and these populations are referable to C. pyrrhus. The species endemic to Piojo Island is most closely related to other island and mainland populations of C. pyrrhus whereas the species endemic to Cabeza de Caballo Island is apparently most closely related to C. angelensis, a nearby island endemic of large body size. However, patterns from both mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenies, and phenotypic variation, indicate that evolutionary trajectories of both of these species have been influenced by introgression from C. angelensis. We speculate that collective evidence based on contrasting patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial evolution supports a hybrid origin of the species from Cabeza de Caballo Island followed by exceptionally rapid mitochondrial evolution. Consistent with small body size, both species show a reduction in various scale counts relative to other species of the C. mitchellii species complex, suggesting that dwarfism is not simply a plastic response to insular conditions.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn.lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBC8A11B-04A3-4231-85CA-3972DF5A42FF     

怎样利用Visual Basic制作PowerPoint多媒体课堂时间显示器

针对现代多媒体课堂教学中,PowerPoint全屏放映时无法看到系统时间,影响教学效率这一问题,本文介绍了利用V isual Basic制作PowerPoint多媒体课堂时间显示器的设计思想和方法.     

非均匀光纤中色散特性的研究

本文研究在非均匀光纤传输系统中,周期性材料色散扰动对光脉冲的影响,并且建立了正弦型均匀扰动模型．利用傅立叶变换法,分别推导了非均匀光纤传输系统中,二阶色散系数受周期性扰动时,无啁啾高斯型光脉冲受二阶色散;二阶和三阶色散共同决定群速度色散效应时,脉冲传输的解析表达式．并在理论上阐述了波形变化．波形显示:对于无啁啾的高斯光脉冲,当扰动程度和扰动周期很大时,二阶色散使脉冲在开始阶段有一个窄化过程,脉冲峰值变高,脉宽被明显压缩;对于二阶和三阶共同作用时,脉冲不仅产生拖尾震荡结构,而且脉冲的震荡沿上翘.当扰动程度和扰动周期很大时,在开始阶段脉冲被压缩,波形发生变化．本文的研究对光纤周期性色散材料对光脉冲的影响有重要的意义．     

植物谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的分子生物学研究进展

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST),这种超家族酶系主要在解毒和对机体有害物质的防御方面发挥作用,是动物、植物和人体代谢过程中的重要酶.对植物中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶催化机理、分类及其分子生物学研究进展进行了综述.     

应用精密三角高程测量实现跨河水准的研究

文章从三角高程测量单向观测的高差计算公式入手,分析了三角高程测量的误差来源,推导了跨河水准网中测距三角高程的精度估算公式;在此基础上,得出了减弱各项误差从而提高精度的一些结论。结合目前的自动化全站仪,探讨了精密三角高程测量实现精密跨河水准的可行性和便利性,最后指出了在实施跨河水准测量时应注意的一些事项。     

需求依赖价格和交货期的供应链协调模型

在一个两层供应链系统中,基于对价格和交货期敏感的需求,构建了Stackelberg和收益共享两种决策模型,并给出了最优价格和响应时间的求解过程,通过比较说明收益共享契约有助于提高整个供应链的收益.最后讨论了收益共享契约下渠道收益的分配问题.     

基于烟花算法的基站群协作计算卸载模型研究

车联网、AR、AI等计算密集、时延敏感型应用迅速发展,而移动设备因自身计算能力相对不足,执行此类应用任务时会因高时延而严重影响用户体验甚至无法满足用户需求。针对此问题,提出综合考虑时延与成本的多用户、多MEC (mobile edge computing)服务器的基站群协作计算卸载模型。并提出基于凸优化的改进烟花算法（improved fireworks algorithm based on convex optimization, CVX-FWA）来对模型进行求解,对用户任务进行合理的卸载与资源分配。仿真结果表明,提出的计算卸载方案有效降低了任务总时延成本值,实现计算卸载资源的整体优化配置。     

量子全加法器的修改和算法研究

通过与经典全加器的基本模型进行比较后,讨论了一个改进后的量子平面加法器的基本构型.对其原理、组件和算法进行了研究,比较了本加法器两个主要组件与一般量子加法器的不同.作为应用的例,设计了一个n比特量子全加法器的模型,对其具体运算过程和基本功能进行了说明.     

石油降解菌株的分离筛选及降解性能研究

从大庆油田石油污染土壤中分离出8株能够以原油为唯一碳源和能源的石油降解菌株,经鉴定分属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、微球菌属(Micrococcus sp.)、产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.)、动性球菌属(Planococcus sp.)和纤维单胞菌属(Cellulononas sp.)5个属。同时对其中石油降解能力较好的两株菌进一步研究了其石油降解特性,发现原油浓度、pH值、N∶P等对菌株的降解能力有较强的影响。