A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

A small difference in nuclear mass could make a big impact in the cosmos

In a recent paper [1] published in Physical Review Letters, scientists at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have reported their first results from the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility, a newly-constructed major scientific facility in Lanzhou, China. As a part of an international collaboration including colleagues from Europe, USA and Japan, they were able to identify in experiments the very     

Sufficient and necessary conditions of separability for bipartite pure states in infinite-dimensional systems

The PHC criterion and the realignment criterion for pure states in infinite-dimensional bipartite quantum systems are given. Furthermore, several equivalent conditions for pure states to be separable are generalized to infinite-dimensional systems.     

Reverberation nulling and echo enhancement at low frequency using waveguide invariance

Based on the fact that the transfer function vector between a source receiver array and the dominant scatterer of boundary reverberation at a range can be obtained from the corresponding reverberations scattered from this range cell, a reverberation nulling concept using time reversal processing has been proposed. However, current reverberation nulling methods have certain limitations when applied into practice, which would null boundary reverberation and target echo simultaneously. As a solution, a passive reverberation nulling and echo enhancement method at low frequency using waveguide invariance is proposed in this paper. In this method, the reverberation subspace for the target range cell is not obtained directly from the return signals scattered by the target range cell but from the return signals scattered by a range cell located before the target using waveguide invariance, so as to suppress the reverberation embodied in the target echo by passive reverberation nulling. Besides, a range-dependent optimal weighting vector rather than conventional projector matrix is deduced to null the reverberation component meanwhile maximizing the target echo, thereby enhancing the echo-to-reverberation ratio furthest. Numerical simulations in typical range-independent shallow water environment demonstrate the efficacy and the improved performance of the proposed method for echo-to-reverberation enhancement.     

小鼠睾丸发育全过程中生精细胞的自发性凋亡

 以17组出生后不同发育阶段的昆明种正常小鼠睾丸组织为材料,采用TDT原位末端标记法在其石蜡组织切片上进行凋亡细胞原位检测,探讨小鼠睾丸发育全过程中生精细胞的自发性凋亡规律.结果发现:小鼠生精细胞从生后开始就存在自发性凋亡现象,生后1~15 d,凋亡精原细胞数目不断增加;至生后第15天时达到峰值,且15 d起个别初级精母细胞也开始出现凋亡;至27 d时,极少数次级精母细胞和精子细胞出现凋亡;至30 d时凋亡细胞基本为精原细胞;而33 d时各类型生精细胞均存在凋亡现象;至36 d时凋亡细胞又重新集中于精原细胞,并延续于此后各期.上述结果表明:小鼠睾丸发育过程中凋亡细胞主要为精原细胞;自发性凋亡活跃期发生于生后1~33 d,与生精细胞的首次发育成熟过程同步.     

高清晰度电视系统三维色域研究

根据相加混色原理,建立了常规色域的三维数学模型,在CIE1976LUV三维色度系统与Pointer物体真实表面色色域作了色度学比较.结果表明,常规HDTV传输系统之所以不能传输或重显全部Pointer色域,并不单纯因为色域范围小,两个色域涵盖的颜色范围有差别也是重要原因.这对需要从三维和颜色覆盖范围方面研究色域问题具有...     

兰州地区晚新生代沉积的岩石磁学记录及其古环境意义

位于黄土高原和西北干旱区过渡带的兰州地区,在晚新生代发育了一套风成红黏土和冲积—河湖相沉积.这套地层详细的岩石磁学研究结果表明,磁化率等一些磁学参数在细节上可能反映成壤作用强弱,但在大的趋势上大致反映干旱化,在长尺度研究中可作为干旱化的指标.S-300mT等另一些磁学参数主要反映赤铁矿质量分数,与红度值明显相关,因此同红度一样可作为温度的指标.底部冲积一河湖相沉积中黏土的主要载磁矿物是磁铁矿和赤铁矿;中下部红黏土沉积的主要载磁矿物是磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,可能含针铁矿;中上部红黏土主要的载磁矿物是磁赤铁矿、磁铁矿和赤铁矿,可能含针铁矿.利用岩石磁学恢复的古环境表明,兰州地区在8.35～7.2 Ma是一个较为温暖的以冲洪积和河湖相为主的沉积环境;7.2～3.5 Ma主要为干陆地环境,同主体黄土高原一样接受粉尘沉积;6.3 Ma风尘沉积在沉积物中开始占主导地位;5.2 Ma兰州及其周边地区发生了急剧干旱化,可能伴随着快速降温;3.5 Ma开始的青藏高原运动A幕使兰州盆地瓦解,并于1.4 Ma开始接受黄土沉积,成为了黄土高原的西缘部分.     

制备特定尺寸的纳米金颗粒方法及性能表征

通过化学还原法制备出不同粒径的纳米金颗粒。利用紫外可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对纳米金颗粒的形貌及尺寸进行表征。讨论了还原剂种类、还原剂用量、试剂加入顺序、反应温度等因素对纳米金颗粒稳定性、粒径、形貌和分散性的影响。结果表明：Na3C6H5O7为还原剂制得纳米金颗粒粒径在15-20 nm之间,NaBH4为还原剂制得的...     

基于ASD光谱仪的悬浮泥沙光学衰减系数研究

 设计了基于ASD光谱仪的玻璃水槽实验,测量人工光源穿透不同水深、不同质量浓度含沙水体的辐亮度,以纯水为参照,得出了某一粒径组成下不同质量浓度悬浮泥沙在350~920 nm波段范围内的光学衰减系数。实验泥沙样本的光学衰减系数光谱特征单一,随着波长的增大逐渐减小,表现为一条略倾的曲线,且正比于泥沙质量浓度。在0~0.15 m深度范围内的,相同质量浓度的泥沙光学衰减系数随水深的变化可以忽略不计。从350~920 nm,实验泥沙样本的单位质量浓度光学衰减系数从0.084缓慢减小至0.069 m²/g。     

甘肃省降水量时空分布特征浅析

对甘肃省11个代表性站点1951～2005年降水量系列的分析,发现甘肃省降水量变化呈现出明显的带状分布,且降水量变化具有显著的地域性和时间性。利用距平及累积距平法对甘肃省降水量进行分析,发现在近50年中西北地区降水量较小,但有逐渐增加的趋势,增加幅度较小;南部地区降水量丰富,但有逐渐减小的趋势,降幅较为明显;中部黄土高原地区降水量基本持续在一个相对稳定的水平,且降水量枯、丰水年具有明显的周期变化特征。在甘肃省内部进行局部的南水北调,将对减缓甘肃省北部的用水压力产生很大的作用,使水资源利用更加完善。