四川S.suis2强毒株溶血素样蛋白HLP序列信息分析及克隆表达产物活性检测

对四川猪链球菌2型(S.suis 2)强毒株05ZYH33溶血素样蛋白(hemolysin-like protein,HLP)编码基因hlp进行序列信息分析、分子克隆表达及溶血活性检测,深入探讨HLP的致病机制.用Blast和Clustal X程序对HLP进行基因同源性分析,用Signal P 4.1和TMHMM Server 2.0分析HLP氨基酸序列.设计合成hlp引物进行PCR扩增,先后将hlp克隆入p MD-18T载体和p ET30a表达载体中,构建p ET30a::hly原核表达质粒.将重组质粒转化至E.coli BL21中诱导表达,并对重组HLP蛋白进行纯化和溶血活性检测.同源性分析表明HLP与多种具有溶血活性的蛋白相似性较高.氨基酸序列分析发现HLP具有信号肽和跨膜区,且由DUF21、CBS和Cor CHly C 3部分组成.序列测定显示hly片段全长1 335 bp,编码445个氨基酸.重组质粒经诱导表达和纯化后电泳显示,HLP分子量约为70 k Da,具有溶血活性.结果表明,HLP是一个膜结合蛋白,不同于能够分泌到细胞外的溶血素Suilysin.重组HLP具有一定的溶血效价,此可能与致病相关.     

Uncertainty in crossing time of 2 °C warming threshold over China

The 2 °C warming target has been used widely in global and regional climate change research. Previous studies have shown large uncertainties in the time when surface air temperature (SAT) change over China will reach 2 °C relative to the pre-industrial era. To understand the uncertainties, we analyzed the projected SAT in the twenty-first century using 40 state-of-the-art climate models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The 2 °C threshold-crossing time (TCT) of SAT averaged across China was around 2033 and 2029 for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Considering a ±1σ range of intermodel SAT change, the upper and lower bounds of the 2 °C TCT could differ by about 25 years or even more. Uncertainty in the projected SAT and the warming rate around the TCT are the two main factors responsible for the TCT uncertainty. The former is determined by the climate sensitivity represented by the global mean surface temperature response. About 45 % of the intermodel variance of the projected 2 °C TCT for averaged SAT over China can be explained by climate sensitivity across the models, which is contributed mainly by central and southern China. In a climate more sensitive to CO₂ forcing, stronger greenhouse effect, less stratus cloud over the East Asian monsoon region, and less snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau result in increased downward longwave radiation, increased shortwave radiation, and decreased shortwave radiation reflected by the surface, respectively, all of which may advance the TCT.     

Effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La1−xMgxNi3.5 (x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys

The effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the annealed La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys have been studied. All the samples were mainly composed of(LaMg)_2Ni_7,(LaMg)Ni_3, and LaNi_5 phases. Mg substitution for La changed the phase abundance, but did not change the constitution of all phases, which is con fi rmed by the results of backscattered SEM images and EDS analysis. The P–C isotherms indicated that the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reversibly absorbed and desorbed hydrogen smoothly at 298 K. The hydrogen absorption cyclic stabilities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy after 5 hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles reached the maximum values of91.9% and 96.0% at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. The hydrogen desorption capacity and plateau pressure for the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy reached the maximum values of 1.055 H/M and 0.074 MPa, respectively. The desorption capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5reached 0.193 H/M and 0.565 H/M in the fi rst minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical property measurement indicated that La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20,0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys possessed excellent activation capability and were completely activated within3 cycles. Discharge capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reached 378.2 m A h/g(x = 0.20 at%), 342.7 m A h/g(x = 0.23 at%), and 369.6 m A h/g(x = 0.25 at%), respectively. Moreover, energy density of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy was much larger than that of La_0.80Mg_0.20Ni_3.5 alloy and nearly approaches the maximum value of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5. Thus, the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

泊松分布下信息安全事件概率计算模型

从信息安全事件的概率分布规律出发,根据泊松分布的基本特征,通过数学证明了信息安全事件发生频数服从泊松分布,并采用国家互联网应急中心(CNCERT/CC)统计数据验证了这一理论结果.在此基础上,基于贝叶斯定理,建立了泊松分布下的信息安全事件概率计算模型.根据泊松分布的概率质量函数,计算了信息安全事件发生频数的先验概率分布;通过构建似然函数调整先验概率分布,得到信息安全事件发生频数后验概率分布;最后,采用CNCERT/CC统计数据验证了该模型的可行性和有效性.     

改进的多尺度Retinex井下图像增强算法

为解决煤矿井下图像质量差、图像清晰度差、可分辨率低、模糊等问题,针对多尺度Retinex增强算法存在的不足,提出一种改进的基于S曲线函数的多尺度Retinex图像增强算法,该S曲线函数不同于基本的sig函数,函数图像具有S形状,为不对称函数.研究结果表明:应用改进后的算法,处理后的图像在有效增强目标图像的同时也抑制了背景噪声,图像的对比度与质量得到提高,能够获得目标区域的最佳视觉效果.     

基于遥感技术的腾冲地热异常区识别

重点探讨用遥感技术识别腾冲火山地热区的地表热异常。考察地表温度的概率分布,提出了基于统计方法来识别地表温度异常区的思路。同时,采用按高程信息来分区识别地表温度异常区,以减小腾冲地区高程对地表温度分布的影响,并结合遥感地质构造解译和蚀变岩体遥感填图结果,圈定腾冲地区地热异常区的空间分布情况。共发现8处地热异常区,其中3处是本次研究识别出来的。与有关地热田、热泉、火山的分布资料的对比分析,结果显示所圈定的地热异常区是较合理的。腾冲地热异常区的空间分布明显受到区内地质构造控制,并跟地表高温异常和岩体蚀变等遥感反演信息有密切的联系。     

渝东北地区龙马溪组页岩储层微观孔隙结构特征

为了系统描述渝东北地区下志留统龙马溪组海相页岩的微观孔隙结构,应用氩离子抛光聚焦离子束扫描电镜(FIB-SEM)、低温N2吸附及高压压汞实验定性和定量测试WX-1井岩心样品的孔喉形态、连通性、比表面积及孔径分布.通过对比分析不同实验测试的孔径分布,实现对页岩样品从微孔到宏孔的精细描述,并探讨了影响孔隙发育的控制因素.研究结果表明,龙马溪组页岩储层主要发育有机质孔、黏土矿物层间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、颗粒边缘溶蚀孔及微裂缝等5种孔隙类型.受到后期压实作用的影响,有机质孔隙发育具有微观非均质性.纳米孔隙类型复杂、形态多样,主要为开放透气性孔,但存在细颈状墨水瓶孔及少量一端封闭的不透气性孔等影响页岩气的渗流;孔径分布具有“双峰”特点,纳米孔主要孔径为2～10 nm、30～90 nm,即直径＜100 nm的孔隙提供了大部分总孔体积,为页岩储层主要发育的孔隙类型.孔隙发育受多种因素的控制,直径≤50 nm微孔、中孔的发育与有机质有关,有机碳含量与微孔、中孔的孔体积呈正相关性;直径＞50 nm宏孔的发育与黏土矿物含量有关,随着黏土矿物含量的增加,宏孔的体积、比表面积也随之增大.     

分化实验“内标法测定对乙酰氨基酚”的重新设计

通过重新设计"内标法测定对乙酰氨基酚"中的实验内容,将科研课题中较为成熟的内容引入到"分析化学实验"教学中。改进后的实验内容主要包括减少原实验试剂用量;除内标对比法外还同时引入内标标准曲线法;采用DAD检测器对对乙酰氨基酚进行定量测定,并用质谱检测器进行定性测定。旨在使实验内容更加充实并加强学生对内标法、高效液相色谱仪和质谱仪仪器构造和原理的理解,熟悉移液器、DAD检测器、HPLC-MS装置等先进仪器的使用。