考虑初始投资递减的住宅能源系统的经济性评价

近年来，由于具有较高的能源利用效率和较低的温室气体排放量，燃料电池在住宅中的应用在日本受到了关注．另外，太阳能电池系统也早已被导入住宅的能源利用中．然而，住宅用燃料电池和太阳能电池系统的初始投资成为这类住宅能源系统普及应用的一个主要的障碍．在人类的生产活动中，新的产品会随着技术的提高、产量的增加而降低成本，这两种系统的初始投资也必将降低、但是很少有研究涉及到考虑初始投资递减的这类系统的经济性评价．文中通过应用学习曲线的方法，预测了2005—2030年间以5年为间隔的日本住宅用燃料电池和太阳能发电的初始投资递减，并且试算了日本典型住宅的通用能源系统、燃料电池系统和太阳能电池系统的年间能源费用，由此评价了住宅用燃料电池和太阳能发电的经济性．     

A ferrocene-mediated anti-interfering glucose biosensor based on glutin and cellulose acetate

0 IntroductionBlood glucose determination is known to be specificfor the diabetes mellitus and helpful to monitor theprogress of diabetes , which makes the glucose biosensordevelop rapidly. Biosensors combining with biologicalrecognition element and a suitabletransducer are useful inanalytical instruments[1]. Glucose oxidase is well-knownas a biological sensing material inthe development of glu-cose biosensor due to its specificity, which catalyses theoxidation ofβ-D-glucose to D-glucono1 ,5…     

Common variation in GPC5 is associated with acquired nephrotic syndrome

Severe proteinuria is a defining factor of nephrotic syndrome irrespective of the etiology. Investigation of congenital nephrotic syndrome has shown that dysfunction of glomerular epithelial cells (podocytes) plays a crucial role in this disease. Acquired nephrotic syndrome is also assumed to be associated with podocyte injury. Here we identify an association between variants in GPC5, encoding glypican-5, and acquired nephrotic syndrome through a genome-wide association study and replication analysis (P value under a recessive model (P(rec)) = 6.0 × 10(-11), odds ratio = 2.54). We show that GPC5 is expressed in podocytes and that the risk genotype is associated with higher expression. We further show that podocyte-specific knockdown and systemic short interfering RNA injection confers resistance to podocyte injury in mouse models of nephrosis. This study identifies GPC5 as a new susceptibility gene for nephrotic syndrome and implicates GPC5 as a promising therapeutic target for reducing podocyte vulnerability in glomerular disease.     

Stability of magnesite and its high-pressure form in the lowermost mantle

Carbonates are important constituents of marine sediments and play a fundamental role in the recycling of carbon into the Earth's deep interior via subduction of oceanic crust and sediments. Study of the stability of carbonates under high pressure and temperature is thus important for modelling the carbon budget in the entire Earth system. Such studies, however, have rarely been performed under appropriate lower-mantle conditions and no experimental data exist at pressures greater than 80 GPa (refs 3-6). Here we report an in situ X-ray diffraction study of the stability of magnesite (MgCO(3)), which is the major component of subducted carbonates, at pressure and temperature conditions approaching those of the core-mantle boundary. We found that magnesite transforms to an unknown form at pressures above approximately 115 GPa and temperatures of 2,100-2,200 K (depths of approximately 2,600 km) without any dissociation, suggesting that magnesite and its high-pressure form may be the major hosts for carbon throughout most parts of the Earth's lower mantle.     

细菌纤维素:一种环境友好的纳米材料

纳米科学的产生堪称科学史上的一次革命，纳米科学的发展又为化学、物理学、材料学、生物学及仿生学学科的交叉发展提供了新的机遇。由于纳米材料所见有的独特性质段新规律的发现，近年来这一领域形成了新的交叉学科研究热点。     

Evaluation of power market designs on investment incentives and capacity adequacy

Electricity industry restructuring should not sacrifice supply security to pursue economic efficiency. Till now there is no academic consensus on which electricity market design provides the least distorting investment incentives. Alternative approaches that have been adopted around the world for ensuring the appropriate level of investment in electric generation capacity are discussed, and much attention is devoted on the evaluation of capacity payment systems. The finding is that on one hand, capacity payment systems have good effect on reducing spot market price volatility and increasing the volume of generating capacity at the costs of relatively high total electricity prices ; on the other hand, however, they are not robust against either the abuse of market power in the energy market or being manipulated.