裂缝发育的特低渗透砂岩储层特征

 裂缝的发育对特低渗透砂岩储层有重要影响。基于室内实验数据,从孔渗关系、微观孔隙结构、应力敏感性及油水两相渗流等角度对裂缝发育储层的特征进行了分析,结果表明:与裂缝不发育的储层相比,相同孔隙度下裂缝发育储层的渗透率更高,孔隙度10%~20%时,裂缝发育储层渗透率约为裂缝不发育储层的3~5 倍;渗透率相同时,裂缝发育储层喉道半径分布范围更宽,大尺寸的喉道比例更高,主流喉道半径更大,渗透率主要由大喉道贡献;裂缝发育储层应力敏感性更强,有效应力增大引起的渗透率损失约为裂缝不发育储层的2~3 倍;裂缝发育储层束缚水饱和度和残余油饱和度均较高,两相共渗区范围窄,随着含水饱和度的增大,油相曲线急剧下降,水相曲线上凸型快速抬升,且幅度很大,无水采油期很短且期内采出程度低,见水后含水率急剧上升,最终采收率很低。     

LabVIEW在种子活性快速检测仪设计中的应用

文章介绍了超微弱发光单光子计数种子活性快速检测仪的设计及研制,详细描述了仪器的构成及特点.设计了用光电倍增管结合USB技术实现数据采集,并利用National Instruments公司的LabVIEW软件平台实现全程自动化测量过程.该仪器能够灵敏、直接并有对照性地检测种子的超微弱化学发光,获得种子的活力信息,可以区分老化程度相差一季的水稻种子的超弱发光.     

竖向受荷单桩细观工作性状

在单桩室内模型试验提供宏观依据基础上,通过对颗粒流程序的二次开发,建立单桩的三维颗粒流分析模型,对竖向受荷单桩的承载特性、荷载传递特性、桩周土体位移场、应力及孔隙率变化规律进行研究。颗粒流数值分析结果表明:单桩桩侧摩阻力的发挥先于端阻力,加载后期在桩身中下部存在一侧摩阻力弱化区,单桩桩侧摩阻力的分布与桩表面的法向应力一致;单桩桩身接触力上小下大,桩侧接触力方向以斜向下为主,桩端下土体孔隙率的变化趋势与土体应力的发展趋势保持一致。颗粒流数值模拟研究完善了对单桩细观工作性状的认识。     

Influence of urbanization on the surface water quality in Guangzhou,China

The urbanization process is a trend occurring inevitably in the historical development. This paper reviews the progress of the urbanization in Guangzhou and focuses on the change of water quality in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River. 8 kinds of main pollutant parameters were collected from 9 important sections in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River from 1986 to 2000 and the water quality change was analyzed per time and space. The study concludes that the surface water quality of Guangzhou reflects ...     

特低渗透砂岩储层应力敏感性实验

 应用室内低渗透物理模拟实验手段,研究了微裂缝发育和微裂缝不发育的特低渗透砂岩岩样的应力敏感性特征,并对比分析了两类样品的应力敏感性差异。研究结果表明,无论储层是否发育微裂缝,储层渗透率越小,其应力敏感性越强;微裂缝不发育时,渗透率小于2×10^-3μm²的储层应力敏感性较强且其强度随渗透率的降低而急剧增大,而渗透率大于5×10^-3μm²的储层应力敏感程度较弱;微裂缝发育的储层的应力敏感性明显强于微裂缝不发育的储层,有效应力增大时,微裂缝发育的储层的渗透率损失为微裂缝不发育的储层的2—3倍,而有效应力降低后,渗透率不能完全恢复,微裂缝发育的储层的渗透率损失约为微裂缝不发育的储层的5倍。研究结果对制定合理的特低渗透油田开发方案具有实际指导意义。     

污染土壤高压旋喷修复药剂迁移透明土试验及数值模拟

高压旋喷技术近几年开始应用于污染土壤修复,对所注入药剂的迁移扩散规律尚不明确,导致工程实践中缺乏可靠依据,同时为克服常规试验测试手段的不足,使用透明土材料开展了污染土修复药剂迁移的室内试验和数值模拟。在考虑分子扩散、机械弥散、对流等耦合情况下,建立了探究药剂在土壤中迁移特性的对流-弥散模型。研究结果表明:透明土试验技术能够直观地显示药剂迁移过程,可以应用于污染土修复药剂迁移特性的研究。在不同土壤压力条件下,存在最佳泥饼高度;相同土壤压力,泥饼高度越高,同一位置处浓度最大值越小;泥饼高度的选取关系到高压旋喷参数的设定,对修复效果及效率有重要影响。药剂的迁移以竖向迁移为主,水平向迁移不明显,因此为保证药剂以较高的浓度迁移至泥饼边缘,应使药剂在泥饼间隙水平方向上分布有较高且均匀的初始浓度。     

基于双棱镜单摄像机立体视觉的P-GMAW熔池表面重建

利用传统的双目立体视觉技术进行焊接熔池表面形貌的三维传感,系统成本昂贵,且拍摄时必须保证同步,摄像机参数的不一致也容易造成重建误差。分析了双棱镜立体视觉系统原理,搭建了一套基于双棱镜的单摄像机立体视觉系统,在一个CCD像面上拍摄到同一物体存在视差的两幅图像,预处理后通过SSD算法求取像素级视差图,然后由二次曲线拟合进一步获得亚像素级视差图,由标定结果求得每个图像点对应的三维坐标。通过搭建的传感系统获得了P-GMAW平板堆焊基值期间的熔池图像,依照上述流程重建了熔池的三维表面形貌,同时针对重建结果做了误差分析,证实了其可靠性。     

转炉夹持器间隙及倾动加速度对自调螺栓冲击力的影响

利用三维建模软件并结合转炉实际尺寸进行建模,运用多体动力学与有限元方法对转炉进行动态仿真。对自调螺栓以及球形垫片进行子模型细化计算,将炉体与自调螺栓接触面的位移作为子模型边界条件,在稳定的热胀状态下进行瞬态分析,通过危险位置应力曲线分析夹持器间隙、倾动加速度对自调螺栓冲击力的影响。结果表明,夹持器间隙越大,自调螺栓所受的冲击力就越大,自调螺栓的振动发生在倾动加速度较大的倾角位置。     

Model tests on anomalous low friction and pendulum-type wave phenomena

The anomalous low friction (ALF) and pendulum-type wave (μwave) phenomena were two typical,nonlinear,geo-mechanical,and dynamic responses in deep-block rock mass discovered from in situ observations,which occurred from the movement of the geo-blocks under the impact of external pulses,such as deep confined explosion,earthquake,and rock bursts.With the aim to confirm the existence of the above two phenomena and study the variation laws of them experimentally,laboratory tests on the granite and cement mortar continuum and blocks models were conducted on the self-independently developed multipurpose testing system,respectively.The ALF phenomenon was realized under two loading schemes,the blocks model and working block were acted upon by the joint action of vertical impact and horizontal static force as well as the joint action of both vertical and horizontal impacts with different time intervals.It revealed that the discrete time delays corresponding to the local maximums and minimums of the horizontal displacement amplitudes and residual horizontal displacements of the working block satisfied the canonical sequences with the multiple of √2,most of which satisfied the quantitative expression (√2)~i △/V_p.Besides,the one-dimensional impact experiments were carried out on the blocks granite model,continuum,and blocks cement mortar models,respectively.Based on the comparison and analysis of the propagation properties (amplitudes and the Fourier spectrums of acceleration time histories of blocks) of the 1D stress wave in the above models,it is indicated that the fractures in rock mass have tremendous effect on the attenuation of acceleration amplitudes and high-frequency waves.By comparison of the model test data with the in situ measurement conclusions,the existence of the μ wave was confirmed experimentally in the cement mortar blocks model with larger dimensions,and the frequencies corresponding to the local maximums of spectral density curves of three-directional acceleration time histories of sub-blocks also satisfied several canonical sequences with the multiple of √2.     

Structures of mylonitic granites of the Yagan metamorphic core complex on Sino-Mongolian border??implications for its kinematics and chronology

The mylonitic granitic plutons are extended in line-shape (L) and parallel to the regional extensional shear foliation. After being unstrained, the primary shapes of these plutons are also nearly sheet-like (S). Their fabrics are of S-L or L type. Various kinds of shear marks indicate top-to-south shear. The plutons of various stages are different in deformation intensity; however, the foliation and lineation of these rocks have the same shear sense, which suggests progressive ductile shearing. The development mechanisms of the fabrics include magmatic flow, high-temperature solidstate flow and mid-low temperature solid-state flow. All this demonstrates that these plutons are probably early synextensional tectonic plutons. Their structural features and ages suggest that the low- and mid-crustal extensional detachments might have occurred at the early stage of the development of the metamorphic core complex in the early Mesozoic. These deformations are much deeper at levels and much older than those formed at the final formation stage.